tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-71696508430822423142024-03-29T11:28:57.135+08:00廖國明的管理日記→管理其實也可以很easy管理很難嗎?說難就難,說不難其實也就是這麼一回事,是思維主宰的領域,而非知識、技巧主宰的活動。談技巧,不同的面相就會想到不同的方法,難度自然而然地出現;
談思維就是一個轉念,態度的改變。想要翻轉只是談「學會了沒」,而不談「學多少」,問題是管理領域都在學多少的思維下打轉,而不思學會了什麼?管理其實也沒有那麼難.....管理其實也可以很easyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07523162515720239456noreply@blogger.comBlogger315125truetag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169650843082242314.post-88977078289472373122024-03-19T09:19:00.003+08:002024-03-19T20:41:33.490+08:00管理其實也可以很easy-PMP沒有教的專案管理<h2 style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">專案管理與孫子兵法(2)-東西方文化差異</span></span></h2><p></p><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span> </span><span> </span>專案管理之所以難,難在於其有一些必要的基本的功夫與條件,而且運作的模式也別於常態的管理,所以對習慣於以往成功經驗的管理者而言,會有不習慣的感覺所致。今天我們就來談談專案為何老是不順。</span></span></h2><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span> </span><span> </span>專案推動不順,大致上可以從幾個方面來看。綜觀個人這十幾年的專案顧問經驗,專案會受到幾個層面的影響。其分別為:文化、系統、管理、與認知等。</span></span></h2><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span> </span><span> </span>首先就文化面來說,東、西方的工作態度與管理哲學,差異之大甚至可以用十萬八千里來形容。這並非好、壞的問題,而是一種根深蒂固的思維模式,要在短時間之內改變,其實是不容易的。這些存在的事實,沒有人能夠否定它,而必須坦然的接受。也因此讓很多學過專案管理的人感嘆,專案無用論。個人針對東、西方的文化差異,花了一點心思,仔細研究後,發覺到這些文化差異現象都直、間接的反映在專案管理的成效上,值得好好的來探索一番。</span></span></h2><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">以下就把東、西方在專案管理領域的文化差異作一整理的對照表;</span></span></h2><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">管理議題<span style="white-space: pre;"> <span> <span> </span></span></span>東方<span style="white-space: pre;"> <span> <span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span> </span></span>西方</span></span></h2><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">工作習慣<span style="white-space: pre;"> <span> </span></span>聽命行事,努力為要<span style="white-space: pre;"> <span> </span><span> </span></span>自主管理,效率為先</span></span></h2><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">任務認知<span style="white-space: pre;"> <span> </span></span>接受指示,等候裁示<span style="white-space: pre;"> <span> </span><span> </span></span>任務承諾,自主決策</span></span></h2><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">目標確認<span style="white-space: pre;"> <span> </span></span>蓋括承受,事後爭吵<span style="white-space: pre;"> <span> </span><span> </span></span>定義與確認,事前討論</span></span></h2><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">管理思維<span style="white-space: pre;"> <span> </span></span>大家長心態,人情世故<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>專業經理人,能力主義</span></span></h2><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">績效評估<span style="white-space: pre;"> <span> </span></span>定性、時間與績效關聯<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>定量、追求效率、效果</span></span></h2><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">管理能力<span style="white-space: pre;"> <span> </span></span>經驗管理,資歷本位<span style="white-space: pre;"> <span> </span><span> </span></span>科學管理基礎能力</span></span></h2><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">文化背景<span style="white-space: pre;"> <span> </span></span>官大學問大,敬老尊賢<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>實力主義,優勝劣敗</span></span></h2><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">目標管理<span style="white-space: pre;"> <span> </span></span>工作交代不是很清楚<span style="white-space: pre;"> <span> </span><span> </span></span>明確的指示與基準</span></span></h2><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">系統結構<span style="white-space: pre;"> <span> </span></span>情、理、法(人治)<span style="white-space: pre;"> <span> </span><span> </span></span>法、理、情(法治)</span></span></h2><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">是非觀念<span style="white-space: pre;"> <span> </span></span>模糊焦點<span style="white-space: pre;"> <span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span></span>是非只有正確與否</span></span></h2><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">專案團隊<span style="white-space: pre;"> <span> </span></span>Team<span style="white-space: pre;"> <span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> <span> </span><span> </span></span></span>Teamwork</span></span></h2><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">做事態度<span style="white-space: pre;"> <span> </span></span>Do the thing right<span style="white-space: pre;"> <span> </span><span> </span></span>Do the right thing</span></span></h2><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">系統思維<span style="white-space: pre;"> <span> </span></span>Functional control<span style="white-space: pre;"> <span> </span><span> </span></span>Process(Cross Functional)</span></span></h2><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">主管角色<span style="white-space: pre;"> <span> </span></span>決策與問題解決<span style="white-space: pre;"> <span> </span><span> </span></span>支援與資源調度</span></span></h2><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">團隊成員<span style="white-space: pre;"> <span> </span></span>打手,跑龍套<span style="white-space: pre;"> <span> </span><span> <span> </span><span> </span> </span></span>戰將,衝鋒陷陣</span></span></h2><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">問題解決<span style="white-space: pre;"> <span> </span></span>盡力而為<span style="white-space: pre;"> <span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span></span>創新思維</span></span></h2><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">專案管理<span style="white-space: pre;"> <span> </span></span>無充分授權,權責不清<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>充分授權,權責分明</span></span></h2><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></h2><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"> 從以上的表列來看,東、西方的文化差異如此之大,要直接套用西方人的專案管理技巧,其難度自然不在話下。但專案管理是一個追求效率的管理活動,我們沒有理由排拒與藉口的。只是既然差異存在,也不能一廂情願的認為只要依循專案管理程序,就萬事OK。要把中國人的民族性全面打破,再來談專案管理,那是不可能的任務。在有限的資源與時間下,透過實務的吸收,慢慢的改變一些根深蒂固的思維與習慣,應該是必要的過程。在這樣的大前提下,針對西方的專案管理技巧,適度的做一些調整,應該是中國企業在運作專案管理上必須承認的客觀事實。管理沒有對錯,只談有效與否,如何讓專案管理的效果呈現,是21世紀企業經營者得重要經營課題。招式永遠是死的,管理是活的,特別其中的主角是人,隨著情境的改變而變化,情境管理反而是成功的關鍵。</span></span></h2><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></h2><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"> 明天我們將來談談專案推動為何老是不順,專案管理的困境。敬請期待!</span></span></h2><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>管理其實也可以很easyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07523162515720239456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169650843082242314.post-44673061785419995522024-03-12T17:03:00.003+08:002024-03-12T17:03:21.769+08:00管理其實也可以很east-PMP沒有教的專案管理<ol class="" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8); font-family: medium-content-sans-serif-font, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><li class="la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx yv yw yx bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="4c22" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: -0.46em; margin-left: 30px; margin-top: 2.14em; padding-left: 0px;">老掉牙的孫子兵法與當紅炸子雞的專案管理</li></ol><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="b64a" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">「專案管理-Project management,簡稱PM*1」,一個既熟悉又陌生的名詞,是否也困擾著您?</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="33b4" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">相信很多的專業經理人,對專案管理都有或多或少的痛苦經驗,一個號稱是21世紀管理主流的管理模式,為何會讓很多企業既愛又怕受傷害?</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="050a" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">個人常受邀在兩岸,幫企業培訓專案管理技巧,發覺到中國人的企業(包括海峽兩岸),對專案管理存在很大的誤解。很多的企業其實只做到「管理專案」、並沒有做到真正的「專案管理」。「管理專案」與「專案管理」又有何差異?幾十年的教學與分享經驗,感覺到中國企業對專案管理的認知,存在很多積非成是的錯誤印象。如果請教一下專案主管,對專案管理給一句最貼切的形容詞,大概「除了delay還是delay!」這句話絕對可以榮登榜首。久而久之,專案無法如期完成反成了常態,如期完成才是異常。很多企業經營者也在抱怨,花了很多錢讓同仁去學習專案管理,拿到了PMP認證,結果還是「外甥打燈籠→照舅(舊)」。到底問題出在哪裡?個人的理解,最大的問題不在管理技巧,而是文化差異衍生的知識運用問題。(Team vs. Teamwork)</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="f704" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">常見的情況是這樣的,公司有一些任務出現,經營層就交待給機能主管,賦于一些目標,要求限期完成,於是專案成立了。相關機能派出人員參與專案,這些人被賦于任務後,開始展開一些計畫、執行、查檢、矯正等等(PDCA)活動。工作解構、工時評估、任務分派、甘特圖、專案會議等等,幾乎大部分專案管理的手法都運用上去了,但是專案就是不順。問題出在哪?</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="6380" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">這就是典型的以功能式組織「管理專案」的模式,與「專案管理」最大的差異就是-看似有專案管理的架構,其實並沒有一個明確的專案管理模式,最基本的專案經理人的定位(PM:Project Manager)就是問題。因為沒有明確的專案負責人,專案隨著里程碑的進行,移轉到負責的相關機能主管身上。又因為無法明確的訂定出里程碑的中間目標,自然就無法進行有效的評估與移轉與管理。碰到專業的衝突時,本位主義讓專案無法得到有效的決策,這時只好把老總請出來,做最後的裁決。所以<span class="lc fw" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;"><em class="yy" style="box-sizing: inherit;">老總才是實質的專案經理人</em></span>。這種機能式的專案管理,並非不可行,反而在初創業或是小型企業裡,資源不是很充分,與業務流程都不是很複雜甚至還沒有,管理本來就是採取多能工與一人多任務的狀況下,這樣做不失是一個最有效的方法。企業一旦大了,組織益形複雜,流程帶來的跨機能活動的障礙也跟著加深,這時單單以開會來溝通協調的專案運作,恐就不是創業初期革命情懷的那般,所以很多第一代的經營者,常常會感嘆「創業精神不見了!」其理在此。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="881d" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">專案管理是一套有其必要的條件與基本功的管理方式,並非只是聚集一堆人,一起完成一件事而已。共同的目標、互相的承諾、專業的互補與資源的管理等等。專案管理是一個系統,而非一種機能。中國人社會到處都可以看到團隊(Team,君不見只要有中國人的地方就有同鄉會),但卻不易看到精英團隊(Teamwork,體育活動中國人的成績與競賽的人數成反比),是個有趣的話題。跨機能管理製造出專案的專業矛盾,須要靠溝通協調與取捨來排解,專業的執著帶來本位的堅持,資源有限的狀況下,對目標的承諾,往往只是一種盡力而為(無奈與脫責-少了當責)的焦慮感,這些現象並非專案管理的本質。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="c231" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">開始把以前寫的113篇專案管理文章,再次整理,拿出來分享。本還擔心內容是否會有過時的問題,畢竟環境變化如此之巨,以前的管理還管用嗎?仔細看過一遍,發覺到自己多慮了,基礎性的管理知識,系統化的管理,是談原理原則,基本不變只在運用上有所變化。況且最近在很多場所,看到專案的問題還是沒有什麼多大改變。台灣從2000年以來,PMP認證已超過萬人了,可惜的是專案本質進步不大,多了一些新的元素而已。這些文章還是有參考價值。與時俱進的做些編修與整理,再次拿出來分享-「PMP沒有教的專案管理」,希望能夠幫助有心在專案管理發展的PM。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="569a" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">以下我們就來談談專案管理的一些基本要件:</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="37e1" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">專案管理不是喜不喜歡的問題,有人會認為,既然專案管理是在改善功能式組織(金字塔式官僚組織)的解決方案,那不如把所有的任務都以專案管理模式來運作,不是很好嗎?這就是6 Sigma、OKR的動心起念吧!問題是這樣嗎?組織談永續,專案重點在特定任務,兩者之間有著根本上的界線,您覺得可以成為一體嗎?</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="0ebd" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">專案管理是有些基本要件的:「為何?」與「內涵」會在後續文章中陸續說明。基本要件有:</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="eed1" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">1. 必須有特定的任務、明確的目標;</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="2993" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">2.在特定期間、有資源投入;</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="1bc1" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">專案管理的管理重點:任何專案,都以Cost、Quality(Technical)、Time為主要目標。再往外衍伸,行銷、製造與技術三個領域的共創,本身就有九種可能的矛盾存在,何況再加入資源的配置問題,專案本身就是組織的策略性活動,以追求資源效率最大化為目標,因之,管理如果失焦,自是無法達標。專案管理的重點有:</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="301a" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">1. 時間、成本、技術、資訊、合約管理</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="d2e2" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">2. 介面、人力資源、溝通、衝突與風險管理</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="0748" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">專案管理技巧的運用與為何專案問題多:VUCA新常態對專案的情境描述很貼切。以前常說「天下間唯一不變的真理就是變,唯一確定的是不確定」,VUCA帶來的不只變,還多變;不確定性與複雜性也非以往的專案所認知的。只要了解專案屬性,焦慮感的由來自是有其道理。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="02e0" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">1. 跨機能團隊 + 專業分工 + 有限資源 + 目標不確定(模糊性)→ 衝突管理</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="f5ea" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">2. 專案的新穎性 + 特定期間 + 不確定性 + 易變性→ 風險管理</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="a5f4" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">3. 追求顧客滿意 + 資源效率 + 創意需求 → 績效管理</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="3aeb" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">4. 專業本位 + 技術創新 + 有限資源 + 複雜性→ 專案規劃</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="ae51" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">專案管理的核心人物是專案經理人(PM、PL都有人用),當接受到任務指派後,專案經理人應該針對任務,成立專案(Team building),展開專案定義(包含使命、目標、策略及範疇等簡稱「專案章程」)。運用專案管理技巧,進行專案規劃(包括業務解構(WBS)、資源盤點、工時評估、任務分派、時程計畫、預算規劃及風險評估),這是專案的最關鍵程序-專案規劃。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="4e31" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">專案進行過程中,專案經理人必須時時關注專案的進度與預算成本的控制,問題發生時,做出最佳決策,讓專案依計畫目標完成,是其最大使命。專案經理人在專案運作上,必須被充分的授權,本身也必須具備充分的管理技巧,才可能完成任務。(1970~80年代很少有人談專案管理,除了國家級的大專案以外。那時專案經理人基本上是以課長級中階主管為基本條件,亦即當時企業內的中間主管是必須具備這些管理能力:如目標管理、人力資源管理、品質管理。計畫、溝通、激勵、組織管理、業務管理、問題分析與解決等等。現在企業在員工教育訓練上,受到大環境影響,中間主管的訓練也都不如以前,課長級的能力難以等同視之)。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="21ad" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">從這個角度來看,專案管理又成了另一門顯學(管理本來都是原理原則,其實可以很Easy的),ERP與BPR是PM的Application Killer,在90'年代的變革管理與Y2K的衝擊下,導入ERP的需要,PM的人才需求爆炸,PMP成為管理追求的新方向。但是否學會了專案管理,所有的專案就此一帆風順?遺憾的是,答案是否定的。東方與西方管理最大的不同點在於文化,而非知識與技巧。(K、S容易學、A不容易懂)</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="bbe4" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">商業管理的一些管理技巧,是從西方工業革命後才大步躍進的。而這些管理也大部分是西方發展出來的。西方人的做事態度與價值觀,與東方人有極大的差異。西方人視獨立與對任務負責是基本要求(任務導向、人情非重點);但東方人卻是以人情世故,聽命行事為職場工作哲學(先做人再做事)。當這些管理都以西方的職工為基礎,發展出來的管理模式,要直接套到東方人職工的身上,絕對會格格不入。不可否認的西方在管理上還是比較有效率,強調任務、目標,無需浪費太多時間在人際關係上。強調人情世故的東方管理,如何融會貫通,是不可忽視的重點(東方人花多少資源與時間在人情世故上,不知有沒有人統計過?)。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="c0f6" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">經濟發展讓世界成了M型社會,對專案管理的過度熱衷與高度排斥的兩極化發展,也讓專案管理形成另一個M型管理現象。很多人對專案管理的不屑,是緣由於受到太多的挫折;而另外有一些人,感受到21世紀是專案管理的世紀的時勢所趨,熱衷於專案的認證,形成一股風潮。認證本身是一件好事,可以藉由認證來證明本身具備合於標準的能力。唯遺憾的是,很多人為認證而認證,其實對專案管理卻還是十足的門外漢一個。最近很熱門的專案經理人(PMP)認證,在兩岸是年輕人無悔的最愛,但這些PMP證照拿到後,帶出來的專案的效果又是如何?值得深入探索,這部分不多談。中國人的考試功夫,要拿PMP本身並非難事,但要做好專案經理人,則不是一張PMP執照可以告訴您答案的。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="6c7e" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">到底東方人的管理與西方人的專案管理,差異有多大,在運作專案時,必須要注意甚麼?這些都是有心走這條路的年輕人必須面對的。今天就暫且談到此,下篇來談談東西方的管理差異。也藉重孫子兵法,來看看是否適用於專案管理的領域,敬請期待。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="443d" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">註:*1:PM:PM簡稱廣被應用,有幾種不同的內容,必須注意。</p><ol class="" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8); font-family: medium-content-sans-serif-font, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><li class="la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx yv yw yx bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="2a16" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: -0.46em; margin-left: 30px; margin-top: 2.14em; padding-left: 0px;">PM:Project Manager(專案經理:專案的靈魂人物,重點在任務的完成,偏向臨時編組的型態)</li><li class="la lb fv lc b ld yz lf lg lh za lj lk ll zb ln lo lp zc lr ls lt zd lv lw lx yv yw yx bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="f2c1" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: -0.46em; margin-left: 30px; margin-top: 1.14em; padding-left: 0px;">PM:Product Manager(產品經理:負責產品的事業性管理,涵蓋商品企劃、產品規劃、商品行銷、產品損益、營業管理等等商品戰略,相較於專案經理,偏向事業性的管理)</li><li class="la lb fv lc b ld yz lf lg lh za lj lk ll zb ln lo lp zc lr ls lt zd lv lw lx yv yw yx bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="1d7e" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: -0.46em; margin-left: 30px; margin-top: 1.14em; padding-left: 0px;">PM:Program Manager(方案經理)屬於大型專案,一般都涵蓋多個小專案,大多屬於國家級的專案。有些人會誤解以為這是軟體開發的「程式經理」,那是另外的一塊,技術性的管理。</li></ol>管理其實也可以很easyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07523162515720239456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169650843082242314.post-71391220870687870042024-02-23T11:48:00.006+08:002024-03-12T17:00:04.302+08:00管理其實也可以很easy-談談問題分析與解決-1<p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="f52a" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">碰到問題,解決問題,衍生新的問題,再想辦法解決之,這就是人類商業模式的經典之作,帶動著經濟成長。或許有人喜歡以創造商機,或是商業模式來詮釋,人類的進步,是從問題分析與解決的過程中演變而來的。確實!</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="9f01" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">就像藥品的開發,儘管大家都知道藥品本身就有毒性,也都有輕重不等的副作用,但藥品產業的發達,也是讓人類平均壽命不斷延伸的主要原因之一。無可諱言地,當解決問題的動機出現,人類就開始挑戰不可能,這也是科學快速進步的主要動力。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="85c2" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">要談問題分析與解決,必須先從邏輯談起,否則見招拆招的華山論劍成為主角,最後只是船過水無痕,卻是另一個問題的開始。這個世界的所有存在事實都是系統化問題,應該說本來就是個生態系,只是因為人類的需求,生態系在人類求生存的過程中,慢慢改變。氣候變遷絕非一朝一夕,人類花了兩百年破壞的條件,想要用30年來彌補,怎麼可能。於是猛藥出籠,機關算盡的建立壁壘的解決方案(最荒謬的大概就屬COP-X這個組織了吧!)未來的新問題將更有趣與多元,至少廢棄太陽能電池的回收、用錢解決碳洩漏的補救收費措施的未來發展,新的能源的真正有效性?還是短暫、表面的效益?等等,都有待生態系的思考,方有生物多樣性的存在空間。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="d786" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">最近整理資料,看到專案管理的講義與資料,那是個人1990年代涉入的管理模式。1990年代,台灣雖有人在推動專案管理,卻屬於少數,也比較沒有那麼多的工具與理論。從1965年專案管理的概念出現以後,到1990年代專案管理似乎沒有多大的突破,原因很多,其實更重要的是需求沒那麼大。產品生命週期長,沒有什麼需要特別創新的,市場需求很平穩,技術也沒有很大的突破等等,這樣的情境下,快速化等同於無聊!</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="c039" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">時代改變,高、多、快的時代,在AI重新被定義後,一飛衝天,大有潛龍在淵之勢。追求創新,與時間賽跑,資源的有效性追求等等,「快速化」成了永續經營的關鍵語。凡事追求快,縮短產品開發時程,敏捷專案的推出,都成了檯面的焦點,這樣的情境下,專案管理成了唯一的救世主,特別是敏捷專案搭上OKR的順風車,把6 Sigma與BSC都拍在腦後,沒人在談了,但事情就是如此嗎?</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="fb99" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">好久沒有講專案管理的題目,最近開始有些需求,感覺這是好現象,但仔細了解後,發現到問題很嚴重。專案管理經過三十年發展,從一個很謹慎地看待專案管理,到專案管理師(PMP)滿天飛的當今,專案管理的績效並沒有什麼進步。Always delay,專案管理還是一樣,停留於1990年代的管理專案的程度,縱使PMP的認證已不下數千人了,專案的成效為何沒有進步,問題還是老面孔?</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="3165" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">照理說,專案管理無論在工具、管理系統(軟硬體)、管理理論等等,都有長足的躍進,可是專案的績效(如期如實地完成專案目標)卻未見有多大的突破,原因何在?有人會說,現代的專案與三十年前的專案的複雜度不可等同視之,這點我承認,但專案管理不就是如此特性嗎?其實問題還是在專案的基本特性上,系統化的問題,而不是技巧性的問題。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="5321" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">這些問題是1990年代專案最常見的問題,我們可以來檢視看看,這些問題是否有效地被管理?</p><ol class="" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8); font-family: medium-content-sans-serif-font, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><li class="la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx yv yw yx bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="82c6" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: -0.46em; margin-left: 30px; margin-top: 2.14em; padding-left: 0px;">需求定義不清楚(規格、範疇變動頻繁)</li></ol><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="a1a6" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">2. 人力負荷掌握度不足(人力資源的評估,能力與人力)</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="b387" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">3. 欠缺重點指向管理(優先順序的管理,不理會客觀因素)</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="b149" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">4. 自主管理能力不足(角色與職責不清,人力資源發展不夠)</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="2b19" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">5. 缺乏中間目標及查檢(專案的計劃不佳,與執行力不足)</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="a384" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">6. 界面管理不足(欠缺有效的文件化與標準化管理)</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="5db4" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">7. 管理工具未能有效運用(專案管理技巧)</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="235e" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">8. 未做好事前管理(事後諸葛,對計畫性工作的漠視與無知)</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="b9c2" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">9. 商品化流程欠缺(有效的商品開發機制與商品戰略)</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="c158" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">10.未落實品質確認(質量與技術的掌握,代工帶來的市場白內障)</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph la lb fv lc b ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx fo bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="6e39" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">11.沒有適當的風險管理觀念與方法(賭性堅強的經營能力)</p>管理其實也可以很easyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07523162515720239456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169650843082242314.post-11324533931595845102024-02-23T11:47:00.001+08:002024-02-23T11:47:13.817+08:00管理其實也可以很easy-談談問題分析與解決<p class="pw-post-body-paragraph ahh ahi aez kj b ahj ahk ahl ahm ahn aho ahp ahq jt ahr ahs aht jy ahu ahv ahw kd ahx ahy ahz aia jd br" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="f52a" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">碰到問題,解決問題,衍生新的問題,在想辦法解決之,這就是人類商業模式的經典之作,帶動著經濟成長。或許有人喜歡以創造商機,或是商業模式來詮釋,人類的進步,是從問題分析與解決的過程中演變而來的。確實!</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph ahh ahi aez kj b ahj ahk ahl ahm ahn aho ahp ahq jt ahr ahs aht jy ahu ahv ahw kd ahx ahy ahz aia jd br" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="9f01" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">就像藥品的開發,儘管大家都知道藥品本身就有毒性,也都有輕重不等的副作用,但藥品產業的發達,也是讓人類平均壽命不斷延伸的主要原因之一。無可諱言地,當解決問題的動機出現,人類就開始挑戰不可能,這也是科學快速進步的主要動力。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph ahh ahi aez kj b ahj ahk ahl ahm ahn aho ahp ahq jt ahr ahs aht jy ahu ahv ahw kd ahx ahy ahz aia jd br" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="85c2" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">要談問題分析與解決,必須先從邏輯談起,否則見招拆招的華山論劍成為主角,最後只是船過水無痕,卻是另一個問題的開始。這個世界的所有存在事實都是系統化問題,應該說本來就是個生態系,只是因為人類的需求,生態系在人類求生存的過程中,慢慢改變。氣候變遷絕非一朝一夕,人類花了兩百年破壞的條件,想要用30年來彌補,怎麼可能。於是猛藥出籠,機關算盡的建立壁壘的解決方案(最荒妙的大概就屬COP-X這個組織了吧!)未來的新問題將更有趣與多元,至少廢棄太陽能電池的回收、用錢解決碳洩漏的補救收費措施的未來發展,新的能源的真正有效性?還是短暫、表面的效益?等等,都有帶生態系的思考,方有生物多樣性的存在空間。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph ahh ahi aez kj b ahj ahk ahl ahm ahn aho ahp ahq jt ahr ahs aht jy ahu ahv ahw kd ahx ahy ahz aia jd br" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="d786" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">最近整理資料,看到專案管理的講義與資料,那是個人1990年代涉入的管理模式。1990年代,台灣雖有人在推動專案管理,卻屬於少數,也比較沒有那麼多的工具與理論。從1965年專案管理的概念出現以後,到1990年代專案管理似乎沒有多大的突破,原因很多,其實更重要的是需求沒那麼大。產品生命週期長,沒有什麼需要特別創新的,市場需求很平穩,技術也沒有很大的突破等等,這樣的情境下,快速化等同於無聊!</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph ahh ahi aez kj b ahj ahk ahl ahm ahn aho ahp ahq jt ahr ahs aht jy ahu ahv ahw kd ahx ahy ahz aia jd br" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="c039" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">時代改變,高、多、快的時代,在AI重新被定義後,一飛衝天,大有潛龍在淵之勢。追求創新,與時間賽跑,資源的有效性追求等等,「快速化」成了永續經營的關鍵語。凡事追求快,縮短產品開發時程,敏捷專案的推出,都成了檯面的焦點,這樣的情境下,專案管理成了唯一的救世主,特別是敏捷專案搭上OKR的順風車,把6 Sigma與BSC都拍在腦後,沒人在談了,但事情就是如此嗎?</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph ahh ahi aez kj b ahj ahk ahl ahm ahn aho ahp ahq jt ahr ahs aht jy ahu ahv ahw kd ahx ahy ahz aia jd br" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="fb99" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">好久沒有講專案管理的題目,最近開始有些需求,感覺這是好現象,但仔細了解後,發現到問題很嚴重。專案管理經過三十年發展,從一個很謹慎地看待專案管理,到專案管理師(PMP)滿天飛的當今,專案管理的績效並沒有什麼進步。Always delay,專案管理還是一樣,停留於1990年代的管理專案的程度,縱使PMP的認證已不下數千人了,專案的成效為何沒有進步,問題還是老面孔?</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph ahh ahi aez kj b ahj ahk ahl ahm ahn aho ahp ahq jt ahr ahs aht jy ahu ahv ahw kd ahx ahy ahz aia jd br" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="3165" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">這裡說,專案管理無論在工具、管理系統(軟硬體)、管理理論等等,都有長足的躍進,可是專案的績效(如期如實地完成專案目標)卻未見有多大的突破,原因何在?有人會說,現代的專案與三十年前的專案的複雜度不可等同視之,這點我承認,但專案管理不就是如此特性嗎?其實問題還是在專案的基本特性上,系統化的問題,而不是技巧性的問題。</p>管理其實也可以很easyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07523162515720239456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169650843082242314.post-47151995535302115262024-02-23T11:45:00.007+08:002024-02-23T13:42:08.840+08:00管理其實也可以很easy-談談幸福企業與DEI<p class="pw-post-body-paragraph ahh ahi aez kj b ahj ahk ahl ahm ahn aho ahp ahq jt ahr ahs aht jy ahu ahv ahw kd ahx ahy ahz aia jd br" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="0b1d" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">幸福企業是目前台灣的一股熱潮,但到底什麼是幸福企業,似乎沒有多少人關心,「吸睛」是現代的「潮語」,「吸睛」就可以賺大錢,流量無敵卻難持久,這與永續經營、ESG、幸福企業似乎有點背道而馳,為何?</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph ahh ahi aez kj b ahj ahk ahl ahm ahn aho ahp ahq jt ahr ahs aht jy ahu ahv ahw kd ahx ahy ahz aia jd br" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="c83a" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">任何沒有生產力的組織,談幸福企業是奢侈!<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />企業永續不是靠感情與心願,要轉化出生產力,才有資格談幸福企業。<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />沒有生產力的員工,不一定是員工的錯,往往是管理系統、流程與能力交織出來的結果.如果連教育訓練都不得其法(為何要上課?要上什麼課?如何達到預期的效果?上課後如何轉換到工作,產生績效的學習移轉,才能看到Outcome,否則只是表面的Output。看一個指標,能夠把教育訓練的工時算在工作上,才是真正的教育訓練,因為上課也是一種系統流程的訓練與驗證,任何人離開工作崗位都不會影響到工作的進行。用下班時間上課,基本上就扭曲了成長構面的意義),還談什麼生產力,更不用談幸福企業,幸福企業是需要有利潤支撐的遊戲規則。<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />關懷要錢、要時間、要有耐心與包容心….,這些都不是檯面上的幾句話可以解釋清楚的,回歸到原點,經營理念加上執行力的貫徹,才是根本。薪水是員工自己賺的,不是公司發的,這樣的觀念,在企業的哪個環節被討論?員工拿得越多,意味著幫公司賺越多的錢,與時間無關,只與生產力有關。高薪水低成本…對製造業出身的主管來說,是逆鱗吧!因為製造業是把時間與生產力畫上等號的思維,哪天加班成為絕跡,幸福企業就可預見光芒了!(當然不是沒有工作的不加班,是不用加班事情都可以游刃有餘,那是要靠職能與系統流程的實踐)</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph ahh ahi aez kj b ahj ahk ahl ahm ahn aho ahp ahq jt ahr ahs aht jy ahu ahv ahw kd ahx ahy ahz aia jd br" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="5996" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">幸福企業的定義是:<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />1. 員工感覺工作有成就感,除了「生活」無憂(有錢有閒!),必要時還可以實現一點「生根」(公益活動)的社會責任;<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />2. 家人感覺另一半的工作很有價值,可以讓家人有安定、幸福(陪著小孩成長、陪伴家人共度歡樂時光,又是要有錢有閒!)的生活,博得驚嘆的羨慕眼神;<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />3. 供應商覺得這是一個值得與其交往與共好的客戶,打從心裡的願意共榮共存;<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />4. 客戶的感覺就是有個最好的夥伴,有一種有你真好的感恩的心;<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />5. 競爭對手會有一種幾近於嫉妒的尊敬,對可敬的對手的驚嘆聲;<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />6. 普羅大眾對公司形象的讚嘆與羨慕;<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />7. 股東滿意自不在話下,還會以公司的企業形象為光環:<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />8. 非客戶想方設法地想要將之納入供應鏈;<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />9. 老闆可以輕鬆地把文化傳承與不斷的優化的想未來、思策略;定方向….<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />你說,這樣的企業須要什麼條件?3P:Profit, Planning, People.外,<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />還需要兩套制度:一是社訓(有形規章)、但日常運作的是企業文化(無形規章,驅動員工生產力的無形推手)。真正的幸福企業應該不會把勞動基準法放在公司的管理程序,用法令規章來管理員工,而是讓員工自動自發的「做對的事情」與把「對的事情做對」的企業文化驅動力,也因此才說HR是永續的根源,人力資本。<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />企業永續談三安:安股東、安員工、安社會,這不就是公司治理的基礎嗎?也不就是ESG的源流嗎?只是沒有好的人力資本,慢慢地只好以制度管人,為制度工作的結果,無形中被制度與規章綁架,「依法行事,當一天和尚敲一天鐘」的心態於焉產生,生產力不彰,把時間耗費在做人的部分多於做事的部分,如何還有幸福可言…<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />幸福企業沒那麼難,因為管理本來就很easy;<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />幸福企業很難,因為太簡單的事情對管理者而言,會失去權威感,所以幸福企業似乎很少談權限,因為自動自發的管理成本最低,TCO(Total Cost Ownership)</p>管理其實也可以很easyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07523162515720239456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169650843082242314.post-16656808563167039742024-02-23T11:42:00.001+08:002024-02-23T11:43:22.202+08:00管理其實也可以很easy-真的有人在意排碳的問題嗎?<p class="pw-post-body-paragraph ahh ahi aez kj b ahj ahk ahl ahm ahn aho ahp ahq jt ahr ahs aht jy ahu ahv ahw kd ahx ahy ahz aia jd br" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="10c3" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">最近雖然碳排的議題少了些,CBAM的聲量也降低了許多,取而代之的是碳權的議題,因為環境部已正式宣佈碳權交易的相關法令。本身的碳權怎麼來?有效否?如何交易?…百花齊放熱鬧不已,但這就是讓氣溫控制在只提升1.5度C的手段嗎?</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph ahh ahi aez kj b ahj ahk ahl ahm ahn aho ahp ahq jt ahr ahs aht jy ahu ahv ahw kd ahx ahy ahz aia jd br" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="fcef" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">如果這是專家的觀點,那這些專家真的就是專門電人家,只把問題拋出來的專家,不是倡議救地球的專家。如果沒有有效手段,那這些專家的倡議,又如何讓人放心?其實不用想那麼多,因為各懷鬼胎,打著碳權的旗幟,可以玩到2050年,把落後美國的歐洲,透過COP的推進,一步一步的把主導權奪回,這點歐盟做到了,反而美國有點急了,因為川普的四年空白,給了十足的機會。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph ahh ahi aez kj b ahj ahk ahl ahm ahn aho ahp ahq jt ahr ahs aht jy ahu ahv ahw kd ahx ahy ahz aia jd br" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="53da" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">這些都不是重點,救地球不該是這樣的做法,要從根本談起,讓ESG的議題有了充分的共識,才有往下推的基礎。現在不是這樣,反正強制的推動,就是看準了沒人會反對,因為商機比創新或是AI大多了-談權交易,而不是氣候變遷。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph ahh ahi aez kj b ahj ahk ahl ahm ahn aho ahp ahq jt ahr ahs aht jy ahu ahv ahw kd ahx ahy ahz aia jd br" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="4d42" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">如果沒辦法把碳排與生物多樣性連結,做什麼都只是解決問題製造問題再找解決問題的方法創造問題…。<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />茼蒿菜是火鍋的最佳配角,卻常聽到有人說茼蒿農藥殘留高,要洗乾淨…等等的話語。<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />如果家裡有老阿嬤的話,請教一下茼蒿菜如何種的?茼蒿菜與A菜是蟲都不吃的植物,有一股菜的特殊味道。<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />有一家做肥料的公司,就去跟農民說,施肥可以讓茼蒿菜長得更脆更甜。果然種出的茼蒿菜好吃多了,卻也吸引了蟲子過來。<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />於是另一家做農藥的公司又出動向農民推薦,有了農藥的加持,茼蒿菜與A菜就不用擔心蟲害了,卻帶來另一個問題-農藥殘留與清洗。<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />如果府上有種植茼蒿或A菜,建議只要一兩期不管它,蟲子再也不會過來了,這是什麼問題?生物多樣性。談碳權又有何關係?複雜中帶著小簡單。<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />人類群聚發展商業模式以來,以物理方式破壞生態,再以物理方式治理,出現更大的問題(長江三峽大壩的議題不斷);<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />慢慢出現石化技術,以化學治理生態的方法於焉而生,結果問題更嚴重;<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />最好的與最高明的一定是生物處理污染或破壞,如污水處理、空污處理等等,因為那是最符合生物多樣性的發展,而不是以戰止戰的物理或化學治理。<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />加拿大野火燒出多少CO2?說出來可能會嚇人一跳,問題是誰在乎?專家?政府?遙遠的事件,與可賺錢的碳權問題差太遠了。但如果這個問題的始末沒人理會,碳權永遠只是海市蜃樓!等到樓蘭國消失了,八百年後再來尋找吧!<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />生物多樣性,供應鏈的生態系與永續是連體嬰,分開,對任何一方都不利,但….這三樣沒有一樣在談碳排,卻是碳排的唯一解方…</p>管理其實也可以很easyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07523162515720239456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169650843082242314.post-60673523380324527192024-01-25T17:57:00.001+08:002024-01-25T17:57:29.076+08:00管理其實也可以很easy-漫談市場對COP 28第六條文通過的期待的省思<div class="qj qk ql qm qn l" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 68px;"><article style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="l" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="l" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><section style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="er ua ub ni uc" style="box-sizing: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;"><div class="ab cm" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; justify-content: center;"><div class="ff bg fg fh fi fj" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 24px; max-width: 680px; min-width: 0px; width: 680px;"><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph ud ue uf ko b ug uh ui uj uk ul um un jy uo up uq kd ur us ut ki uu uv uw ux er bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="1bde" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">2024-1-20</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph ud ue uf ko b ug uh ui uj uk ul um un jy uo up uq kd ur us ut ki uu uv uw ux er bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="1bde" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;"><span style="letter-spacing: -0.003em;">聯合國氣候峰會(COP28)在12月12日正式落幕,雖然又是一個預期的結果(可以定義為失敗吧!)其中,《巴黎協定》第6條的通過與否備受矚目。</span></p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph ud ue uf ko b ug uh ui uj uk ul um un jy uo up uq kd ur us ut ki uu uv uw ux er bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="d383" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">這是一個什麼樣的條文,如此受關照?《巴黎協定》第6條規範了締約國之間,可以藉由資助其他地方的減排計畫來抵銷自身排放。期望透過碳權的買賣來減輕自行減碳的成本壓力,促成「碳市場」的形成。除了降低成本和提高減碳效率外,透過市場機制的合作也可以把財政資源導引到最有效的區域和項目上,因此《巴黎協定》雖經歷了多次的談判失敗仍備受期待。…</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph ud ue uf ko b ug uh ui uj uk ul um un jy uo up uq kd ur us ut ki uu uv uw ux er bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="6173" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">看到這裡,如果對於氣候變遷與COP的專家,應該會有很多的分歧看法吧!有人拍手稱慶,是商機;有人暗自偷笑,因為只要賺錢,其他的可以讓那些窮國家來買單,嗟來食耶!這與聯合國當年推出的MDGs的情境雷同,是倒退了嗎?應該是;</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph ud ue uf ko b ug uh ui uj uk ul um un jy uo up uq kd ur us ut ki uu uv uw ux er bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="bd86" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">這個條文通過,碳權可以自由交易,賺錢又回歸到商業本質,只要有錢,不用太過顧慮碳排放的問題(會賺錢的企業,是因為外部財的緣故,節能減碳有理念,卻很難做到,畢竟投資與改變都不是容易之舉),有碳權沒錢的國家太多了……那談了半天的節能減碳的理念又到哪裡去了?還是回歸施捨,卻一點也沒有改變的結果。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph ud ue uf ko b ug uh ui uj uk ul um un jy uo up uq kd ur us ut ki uu uv uw ux er bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="4a00" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">買了一堆碳權,賣碳權的國家是因為經濟不發達而多出的碳權?還是因為節能減碳做得好結餘的碳權?如果屬於前者,那不等於原地踏步嗎?鴕鳥!!!沒買碳權與買碳權之間,跟本沒有改變,如何救地球?發達國家的算計,把節能減碳的神聖使命(燙手山芋)用錢打發,想想還是賺錢簡單!最後轉嫁的成本,不還是回歸到賣碳權的國家的消費者身上,這是談氣候變遷最弔詭的一件事。這世界就是有能力是靠破壞發跡;有碳權是因為沒能力破壞,才保有碳權,原來地球是圓的,不是平的,説地球是平的人,太天真了吧!</p></div></div></div></div></section></div></div></article></div><footer class="uy uz va vb vc vd ve vf jb ab q vg vh c" style="align-items: center; background-color: white; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: medium; box-sizing: content-box; display: flex; height: 52px; margin-bottom: 88px; max-height: 52px; position: static; z-index: 1;"><div class="l ae" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: block; flex: 1 0 auto;"><div class="ab cm" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; justify-content: center;"><div class="ff bg fg fh fi fj" style="box-sizing: inherit; 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display: block;"></div>管理其實也可以很easyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07523162515720239456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169650843082242314.post-40856182590817435782024-01-22T09:50:00.005+08:002024-01-22T09:50:55.678+08:00管理其實也可以很Easy-神秘客無用論<p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="9f4b" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">2024-1-20 為何不建議採用神秘客?幾個理由可以談談:</p><ol class="" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8); font-family: medium-content-sans-serif-font, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><li class="kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="3a36" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: -0.46em; margin-left: 30px; margin-top: 2.14em; padding-left: 0px;">2024是「五零」消費時代;零界線 (Zero Boundaries)、零忠誠度 (Zero Loyalty)、零耐心 (Zero Patience)、零中階市場 (Zero in the Middle)、關注淨零議題 (Net Zero as a Buying Factor);</li><li class="kx ky fr kz b la ly lc ld le lz lg lh li ma lk ll lm mb lo lp lq mc ls lt lu lv lw lx bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="227b" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: -0.46em; margin-left: 30px; margin-top: 1.14em; padding-left: 0px;">外送服務加深「五零」時代的服務方式;</li><li class="kx ky fr kz b la ly lc ld le lz lg lh li ma lk ll lm mb lo lp lq mc ls lt lu lv lw lx bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="b92e" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: -0.46em; margin-left: 30px; margin-top: 1.14em; padding-left: 0px;">生成式AI-ChatGPT的出現,服務體驗成了印象分數的主宰,服務不再是H2H的層次;</li><li class="kx ky fr kz b la ly lc ld le lz lg lh li ma lk ll lm mb lo lp lq mc ls lt lu lv lw lx bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="aa42" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: -0.46em; margin-left: 30px; margin-top: 1.14em; padding-left: 0px;">勞動力缺乏與職場文化的改變。</li></ol><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="7ecf" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">首先談談「五零」消費時代的有趣現象。零界線看起來很虛無飄渺,確實也說不上定義,然蕃界的消失卻是不爭的事實,手機讓很多的產業成了一種低頭族產業;管理也隨著IT的進步,產銷人發財的界線慢慢的消失;ESG的抬頭,BCP的議題,風險與賺錢成了孿生兄弟,界線不在你是不是當事者,沒事也會中槍的時代,界線只剩下免費與付錢兩回事。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="3c7d" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">既然如此,那神秘客針對的TA又是誰?一個沒有品牌忠誠度的時代,「抱怨」只是想要討便宜,根本不是真的愛惜自己擁護的品牌,會吵的孩子有糖吃,加上網路世界的即時性,等到神秘客報告出來,搞不好公司股票已經跌了好幾十%了。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="1415" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">服務業是個沒有SOP的行業,對不起!這句話很容易被誤解,大家都談SOP,品質保證談SOP,為何你不談SOP?如果用點的角度來解讀,這是有爭議的,畢竟SOP的存在目的就是要做到標準化,不管任何人做同樣的事情,都應該是同樣的產出,沒有執行人員的知識、技巧或態度的差異。以品質保證的觀點來說,SOP當然很重要,是業務推行上維持水準的基礎,那為何說不重要?</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="ee2b" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">SOP是一套標準,是行為準則,但在客戶服務上,卻有各種情境會發生,不同的情境,只是依樣畫葫蘆,會是怎樣的結果?諸位應該有這樣的經驗過吧!當聽到店家的服務人員在解釋工作流程時,往往會出現一句話:「對不起!這是公司的規定….接下去應該不用說,場面頓時轉變成爭執的場景」最後往往不是好收場,服務人員依據SOP作業,沒錯啊!但這個業務只看到Output,看不到Outcome,甚至會出現負面印象,這是SOP的目的嗎?</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="0429" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">其實SOP沒錯,重點是人與人的互動,有很多時候態度比知識更重要,沒有好的心情,何來好的服務?每天喊著以客為尊,要同理心,對員工或部屬卻是沒有好臉色,這樣的心情的服務人員執行SOP會有什麼樣的結果?…</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="118e" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">但我們卻喜歡用SOP來標榜品質保證,界線在哪?沒有一位顧客是一樣的,同樣的顧客也在不同時段會出現不同的情緒,SOP只會帶給服務人員更大的壓力與挫折,因為無法使力。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="b8fa" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">視覺化時代,零耐心的現象充斥在手機的畫面,下了單立即就要的服務,畫面上過去資訊的對錯不是重點,當下是否起蕩漾,衝突不出現很難。也因此出現零中間的場景。喜歡與不喜歡,好與不好,高檔與低檔,大與小,快與慢,爽與不爽等M型化的社會。就是沒有對與錯的是非觀,因為我才是對的,非我即錯的觀念充斥,奧客絕對是存在的。退一步來說,神秘客就是要模擬奧客來測試服務品質嗎?那也不用學習,因為很多人扮壞人不用化妝的。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="cbbc" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">這麼說服務業就不用管理了嗎?不是的,管理有分內外,為不管理規範很重要,外部服務管理情境才是重點。人與人之間的互動,喜歡被尊重是基本的條件,能夠讓服務人員打從心裡有這樣的想法與認識,以前是H2H(Human to Human)的時代,伸手不打笑臉人。現在是H2M2H2 (Human to Machine to Human)的時代,所有的風評好壞,就問谷歌大神(有趣的是谷歌去年的遣散員工人數是世界第一名的企業,2004 1月又遣散了3,000位,看來今年遣散員工排行又是谷歌莫屬),看顧客體驗,先入為主的印象,要做好服務,基本的假設前提都走樣了,服務人員是需要有系統化的訓練,而且是不斷的學習。至於用什麼方法,那是另一個話題,包括企業文化養成,服務技巧與態度。只是要提醒的是,服務人員不是討好客戶,是在企業的理念與尊嚴下,來服務客戶,做到客戶滿意為目標。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="c69f" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">外送服務也是零中間服務的一種類型,只是中間的服務與產品提供端有所差別,算是中間商的一環吧!只是這個環節被要求的不是客戶端,而是平台端,效率與經濟規模讓這個環節的服務會影響到產品提供端,那神秘客要針對誰?還是神秘客依然不動如山的,就是針對服務最前線做服務品質的明查暗訪?如果是這樣,有效嗎?如果無效,又何必!</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="1bd7" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">當然,也有人認為神秘客是針對有品牌知名度的企業進行服務品質測試,像鼎泰豐,星巴克或是麥當勞?遺憾的是這些品牌不會用此方法,因為本身懂服務,教育訓練與文化養成是他們的武器,而不是產品與裝潢。</p>管理其實也可以很easyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07523162515720239456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169650843082242314.post-22043250836804649142024-01-15T12:15:00.000+08:002024-01-15T12:15:04.932+08:00管理其實也可以很easy-一個服務業的價值創造<p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="3bb4" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">2024-1-15</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="3bb4" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">管理其實也可以很easy-一個服務業型企業的觀念與品牌價值創造(本篇文章是早期的文章,剛好與最近寫的神秘客文章有些連結,拿出來對照)</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="c08a" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">好一陣子沒有去逛3C賣場了。當過採購與商品企劃的工作,習慣性的都會在一段時間後,去一些賣場逛逛。看看技術與商品的動向、探探行情的變化,更有時會想去體驗那種快速步調的市場競爭,沉浸在趨勢科技潮流下的快速轉動腳步的氣氛。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="0d21" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">那天又去逛了一下燦坤與光華商場,逛完了一圈後,心裡好不難過。發覺到台灣的企業對品牌價值的觀念,一直都還是停留在製造業的思維,無法跳脫。反觀大陸品牌的氣勢,有十年河東,十年河西的感嘆!)</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="5a7e" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">首先看到的是LCD Monitor。記得LCD Monitor剛出來時,所有的廠商標榜的是以無亮點保證為訴求,曾幾何時,現在看到的,卻幾乎都是以沒有無亮點保證為重點,只剩下Philips與View sonic兩家有保證。顯然的,亮點保證帶給這些廠家的成本負擔應該不小。這件事看來好像也沒有多大的差別,其實這裡面吐露的訊息還真叫人傷心。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="bfbf" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">與賣場的人員稍微聊了一下,也與廠牌的一些代工廠商的人員打聽了一番,原來現在LCD廠都把A級產品(無瑕疵)賣給那兩家還是堅持保證無亮點的廠牌或是高階TV產品,而其餘的廠商在成本考量下,就以犧牲亮點保證,來取得所謂的B級品(次級品),以降低成本。這樣的做法就是典型的製造業思維,眼光裡只有成本,而不知如何為客戶創造價值,所以品牌價值一途,自然越走越辛苦。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="9244" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">另外對於燦坤,也是一樣,某種程度代表著台灣人的變巧(彈性),但卻無法讓顧客為其提供的服務而產生價值感受。燦坤以前標榜著會員權益終身享用(剛開始成立3C賣場的時候),但在企業站穩了,生意做起來後,整個服務策略180度大轉彎,現在改變成為累積會員權益在周年慶時沒有消耗掉的話,自動消除的單向作法。一個會想要卡顧客權益的公司,短暫的生意強勢,讓顧客無以抵抗,是一種形勢比人強的心態。一旦只要有人以提供更好的權益、或是服務讓顧客感受到哪股誠意的話,這樣的公司就只好退居幕後了。(現在的燦坤已沒有以前的那份氣勢了吧!)</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="5dbc" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">看到美國運通對會員的權益保障,至始至終都強調終身享用;看到日本賣場的累積紅利點數,終身享用的作法,讓人感受到對顧客權益維護與尊重的經營理念。台灣企業,自以為聰明,可以省下很多顧客權益的過期利益,殊不知佔顧客便宜的企業,絕對無法得到顧客忠誠度的考驗的。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="4522" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">這些都是製造業的思維,一種OEM情懷的企業經營,可以撈的就撈一筆,也不敢奢望百年與永續。這應該是小島國家所累積的島國情節,沒有明天、沒有宏觀、就看胳臂粗,所以品牌的創造,都只停留在自以為是的想法上,無法登國際大堂。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="137e" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">台灣企業的品牌雖然已有幾個慢慢的站了起來,但卻沒有人認同台灣品牌的品牌價值,願意為這個品牌多付一些錢,因為台灣品牌的代名詞就是便宜貨,沒有特性的低階產品。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="4ef7" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">何謂品牌價值,今天不妨就來談談此一部分。品牌是一種黏性很強的東西,卻必須一點一滴的塗上那份看不見的品牌膠水,但一旦黏上了以後,這個客戶就再也不容易跑掉,或是傾斜。所以品牌經營是需要時間的考驗,更需要以讓客戶感受到的價值為品牌膠水,才可能長久。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="5999" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">國人都會怪,新力牌的很多產品也是國內品牌大廠為其代工的,國人卻願意多付一些錢買新力的產品,這是媚外的行為。其實講這種話的人大概還不知道甚麼叫品質,何謂品牌?同樣的廠商做給不同客戶的品質本來就不會一樣,這是因為企業文化與經營理念的因素使然,沒有甚麼值得大驚小怪的。請您有機會問一下年輕人,買過B-NQ產品的人,還會有想再買B-NQ的產品的意願嗎?答案是否定的,理由安在?上面的一些論點已告訴您答案了。李X耀先生的學費還沒繳夠,B-NQ的品牌之路,還沒開始呢。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="a8a2" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">懂得品牌經營的人,基本上理念都會把顧客擺在第一順位。從經營理念,到產品開發,都以解決顧客的需求(問題)為目標。當然絕不會以貪一點顧客的小便宜而高興。其次,品牌要讓顧客深植於購物的記憶裡,也必須有一些能夠讓顧客印象深刻的東西。好的產品的印象一般都不長,很快的被新的產品蓋掉就不復記憶了,所以要讓顧客成為忠誠客戶,還必須有一些長效型的企業特色,服務與品質往往就是最好的東西。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="3e93" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">這些都非神秘客可以解決的問題,企業文化,九零年代的CIS是關鍵議題,現在,卻是失落的地平線,還有誰在談CIS企業識別系統(Corporate Identity System),要想靠神秘客提升服務品質的企業老闆,建議不妨回頭思考一下公司的CIS戰略吧!</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="67ed" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">***備註:*CIS主要包含了3大部分:</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="b4d4" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;"><span class="kz fs" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">理念識別(Mind Identity,簡稱MI)</span></p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="c122" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">深入了解企業、品牌核心理念與價值、思想故事與品牌願景,歸類於老闆經營理念層面。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="629f" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;"><span class="kz fs" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">行為識別(Behavior Identity,簡稱BI)</span></p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="c496" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">針對服務品質、產品推廣與促銷活動等給予建議,歸類於落實企業理念的行動層面。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="2288" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;"><span class="kz fs" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">視覺識別(Visual Identity,簡稱VI)</span></p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="e010" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">將企業深度與特色內化,以具體、視覺化的方式建立完整的企業識別系統,建立企業知名度、品牌識別系統、塑造企業形象,歸類於品牌規劃設計、品牌形象設計層面。***</p>管理其實也可以很easyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07523162515720239456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169650843082242314.post-40022340200413197232024-01-15T12:10:00.003+08:002024-03-12T17:09:45.155+08:00管理其實也可以很easy-神秘客對企業經營的深層意義<p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="2813" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">2024-1-15</p><p class="graf graf--p" name="2813" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">被ESG的浪潮壓過,加上疫情的緣故,沉寂了好一段時間的神秘客訓練,最近又開始蠢蠢欲動,有想要一舉成名天下知之勢,似乎台灣的服務業又開始活躍了嗎?</p><p class="graf graf--p" name="cbaf" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">趨勢與景氣的問題,不在這裡討論,倒是想與各位聊聊,神秘客是什麼?為何需要?真的需要嗎?</p><p class="graf graf--p" name="8766" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">神秘客何時開始出現的,不可考,但服務業發展大過製造業的經濟體,就自然會出現這樣的需求,不是很新鮮,在美國應該是1940年代開始就有企業內部考核員工的一種手段出現,後來慢慢發展到全世界,包括米其林也可以算是一種神秘客,只是性質不太一樣,前提就是服務業發達才會有神秘客的需求。</p><p class="graf graf--p" name="679a" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">今天不談神秘客的職能,也不是談如何做,主要是想提醒企業經營者,與提供神秘客服務的單位一個省思的空間,企業靠神秘客來提升服務水平,那是真的嗎?還是只是做個樣板,工作時將就,內心還是百般的不服?</p><p class="graf graf--p" name="d3b6" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">倡議的人永遠不怕沒理由,因為這是賺錢的方法,好賺!對企業而言,就值得商榷了,顧客至上,顧客是衣食父母,是每家企業的永續最重要的條件,做好顧客滿意的服務,不就是理所當然的嗎?那為何不思索如何從內部來提升企業服務文化,還需要借重神秘客來提升員工的服務態度與水準,不覺得本末倒置了嗎?再多的神秘客,公司企業文化不改,只會讓員工有更多的不信任感,員工少了服務本位的態度,企業的永續又何在?</p><p class="graf graf--p" name="1e17" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">會想借助神秘客來提升員工服務態度的經營者,基本上都有一種共通的心態-不信任員工,又不想培訓員工,只想讓員工處在一個極度不安的環境下工作,動則得咎。經營者最大的好處是可以藉此做考績評核,其他一無是處,任何跟客戶有關的服務,都取決於員工的職能、技巧與態度,而這些職能與企業文化,是無法靠神秘客來解決的,那是教育訓練體制的一環。</p><p class="graf graf--p" name="c3f6" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">接下來要問,為何會出現神秘客這個行業?公司聘用神秘客,服務態度就會改變嗎?企業的以客為尊的目標就因此解決了嗎?那是自欺欺人的鴕鳥心態,對自己沒信心,對員工沒信心,又找不到好方法,也不想花錢培訓員工(高薪水低成本的概念可能聽不懂)。</p><p class="graf graf--p" name="f234" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">聘請神秘客過的企業應該有這樣的經驗吧!風聲鶴唳的職場氣氛,每個人戰戰兢兢的上班,就怕動則得咎,這樣的工作氣氛,如何做好客戶服務?打從心裡,本該如此的心態,是企業文化的表現,這些都不談,就像養了一條狗,不好好調教,只是拿著棍子恐嚇,再找外人來試探,這種心態是最要不得的經營思維,也難怪神秘客會成為一種行業,因為太多慣老闆。</p><p class="graf graf--p" name="6566" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">神秘客是一種要不得的績效考核模式,沒有正面效益,只帶來更多的不安,現在連養雞、養牛都強調DEI(友善環境),讓其內心安全感出現,不會有懼怕或是擔心形成的壓力,才會有更好的奶水或是更高蛋白質的雞蛋。關在籠子裡,都用懷疑與恐嚇的態度的養育,是無法產生好的肉質與結果的,因為職場的DEI不見了!</p>管理其實也可以很easyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07523162515720239456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169650843082242314.post-24711036579500254322024-01-12T20:23:00.006+08:002024-01-12T22:11:23.942+08:00管理其實也可以很easy-reporting system我們真的懂了嗎?<p>2024-1-12</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph jz ka kb kc b kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ju bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="bcaf" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">「報告」,前面提到過,有很多種面相,會報,業務報告,工作報告,業績報告等等,大部分的報告都以此為目的,殊不知,卻因此失去「報告」帶來的價值,忽略了「報告」的真諦,今天就來聊聊「報告」是什麼?</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph jz ka kb kc b kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ju bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="a371" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">以現在的資訊化程度而言,不管企業大小,總會掛套ERP當作公司數位化的外衣,沒有ERP如何在當今資訊時代存活?但,真的沒有ERP企業就活不下去了嗎?據統計,80%以上的企業的ERP,充其量只是以前MIS的改良版,根本沒有發揮數位化的真正價值。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph jz ka kb kc b kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ju bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="7e3a" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">有人不服氣,特別是號稱提供ERP產品的軟體公司,捫心自問,提供的ERP能夠做到即時化的管理嗎?客戶導入ERP時,有進行流程的改造嗎?只是以舊有流程來配合標準軟體架構,會如何?資訊化的管理流程,要充分發揮資訊化的價值,投資才可能看到Outcome與Impact。否則只是增添更多的作業程序,增加Input。多少企業用了ERP,卻還是離不開Excel的作業模式?因為那不是ERP,只是穿著ERP外套的MIS。只要還存在批次處理的軟體,都稱不上是ERP。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph jz ka kb kc b kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ju bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="66a8" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">為何Reporting system會與資訊化連結在一起?可能有人會有此疑問吧!沒錯,回過頭來談報告,請問貴公司報告的主題與內容是什麼?目標達成與否?結果差異多少,再回頭找問題,做矯正措施,組織都是在管過去,而不是未來,企業如何談永續?</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph jz ka kb kc b kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ju bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="b713" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">業績的結果不該額外花時間來報告或討論,因為資訊化可以隨時看到業績狀況,甚至決策支援系統(DSS)還可以即時地提出警訊,提醒關係人面對問題。等到月底再來報告業績,那就是一翻兩瞪眼,做好拍拍手,可惜少了精進的機會。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph jz ka kb kc b kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ju bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="3b86" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">業績是結果,不是目標,所以並無所謂的目標達成的檢討,那是過去型的管理,往往用未來的資源,去管過去沒做好的事情,利潤被吃掉自難避免。專案管理中的專案會議,如果用來管時程,那報告結束時,就意味著專案已經延遲了。管理最重要的是過程,展開的行動計劃是否有效,透過中間的「報、連、相」,時時查檢,必要時啟動備案(B plan),這才是管理。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph jz ka kb kc b kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ju bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="fb70" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">報告該報告什麼?日常的業務進行過程,主管應該對部屬的工作暸若指掌,無需再提一份業績報告的。報告的內容不是只為主管報告,是一份資訊分享,重點在於平常不容易看到的組織管理盲點,由成員的各自層面把問題提出來,針對未來的目標(永續),是否充分掌握到前提條件。如果沒有,那是計畫過程有疏失?還是大環境改變了。這些狀況才是報告最可貴的內容,其目的一是檢討(Check),二是隨時以完成任務(達標)作為管理的重心,屬於未來型的管理。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph jz ka kb kc b kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ju bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="ef16" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">個人把報告的層級劃分為五個層級:</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph jz ka kb kc b kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ju bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="c1b6" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">初級:照著行事曆報告,也無所謂的討論,主管就是最後下個結論,「罵」與「麻」是最佳寫照。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph jz ka kb kc b kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ju bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="4377" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">次級:只報告目標有沒有達成,卻連數據的品質都無法說清楚,是不是有美化報表?誰都說不準。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph jz ka kb kc b kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ju bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="fc9c" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">三級:目標達成的檢討,原因以他責為中心,少了解決方案。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph jz ka kb kc b kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ju bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="b01d" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">四級:有目標檢討,也有差異分析,但解決方案就是了無新意(看到解決方案有「加強」…「強化」…等等的字眼出現,就是這般情境,還是在管理過去,只看到Output)沒有看到(Outcome),更不用談影響(Impact)。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph jz ka kb kc b kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ju bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="43eb" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">五級:報告是以最終目標(非當期)為標的,報告期間執行過程的差異分析,深入掌握問題,對目標達成的行動方案做必要修正,會有請求支援的議題出現,是真正的管理,如此做可以看到Outcome與Impact。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph jz ka kb kc b kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ju bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="8d7d" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">你說報告難嗎?有點難卻又不難,這就是管理。</p>管理其實也可以很easyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07523162515720239456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169650843082242314.post-23678844562085626962024-01-12T20:22:00.000+08:002024-01-12T20:22:01.474+08:00管理其實也可以很easy-打開經營管理的盲點-報連相<p><span class="kz fs" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(36, 36, 36); color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: -0.06px;">2024-1-11</span></p><p><span class="kz fs" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(36, 36, 36); color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: -0.06px;">Through Communication, Better Understanding. The great way to unlocking blind spots in your organization’s operations-Reporting, Contact, & Interview</span></p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="3b59" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">商業模式或是社區的出現,主要來自於主人翁的人類的需求。解決需求的方法不斷的演進,馬斯洛的層級理論驗證了這個過程。商業模式的出現,組織的架構被構建出來,不斷演化與精練,出現你我周知的現代經濟體-經營模式。而管理就由此發展出來的一套解決問題的手法。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="d0f2" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">組織是人由人組成的群體,社會亦若是。人與人之間,也因此產生一些個體因素衍生出來的溝通問題,就是管理上常說的溝通不良的現象。小事一樁就是開個會,或是喝杯咖啡,溝通溝通,把話講白了,事情就解決了。事情的發展往往不是如此,這樣的過程,套用電影導演的一句話,這樣沒有劇情的張力,也少了厚度,沒有吸引力…</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="32d9" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">於是情節本來很單純的一件事,會因為某種需求(心理、生理、社會)把處理方式複雜化-流程複雜化是主管的創新能力之一。結果組織往往為了10元而花了一百元來解決,卻創造了更多的問題,持續改善成了糖衣,因為已不再從根本談起,只見招拆招的把現象壓制,結果如何?</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="f196" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">用一個簡單的公式來談績效(Performance)這個名詞,或是用價值(Value)或許更契合普羅大眾。看是一樣的概念,還是有很多的差異,一般談到績效就會連結到商業模式的投資報酬率等等,感覺不太適用於社會大眾或是個人生活面。對啊!個人談什麼績效?無非就是過得自在,所以「價值」可能比較容易理解我們要談的是什麼?</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="ea72" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">三個公式不是本篇文章的重點,是引子,未來會慢慢來談。如果組織對永續觀點很清晰,目前最熱門的應該屬於ESG議題、SSCM(Sustainable Supply Chain Management)。這是世紀大問題,非你我幾篇文章可以說清楚講明白的,卻不得不面對。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="50cb" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">暫且把焦點拉回文章的主軸,微觀的戰術-經營的日常管理,有人、有資源投入、有設備與技術、有目標與市場、客戶與供應商等等,形成一個供應鏈的生態系,這就是自然。這個價值鏈上最重要的資源是人,企業止於人,卻也因為人是主角,個體思維成了業務推行上觀點的差異,所以出現目標、溝通、管理等手段。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="e584" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">問題的出現往往是生態系的某些環節沒處理好,可是坊間常見的是以眼睛所見與自己所認知的方式來解決,產生出來的問題越來越複雜,又出現組織架構與執掌來擺平問題,組織於焉龐大,疊床架屋的發展結果,績效下降。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="9a56" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">人與人之間有差異很正常,這也是多元化社會(DEI)所追求的,尊重個體。卻也因為差異化,如果沒有好的共識,問題就難以避免,如何消除這種隔閡(溝通不良、認知差異、觀點不同…)?「報、連、相」就是最簡單、有效的方法與工具。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="6fc0" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">有人認為,只要導入自動化、機器人、AI,人與人的問題自然會減少,不用太擔心。應該說這種人太天真了吧!H2H(Human to Human)的問題如果沒有解決,H2M(Human to Machine)的問題絕對無法解決;M2M(Machine to Machine)的時代,看似來臨,卻還很遙遠,君不見Industry 4.0的熱潮,曾幾何時被ChatGPT蓋過,花了大把銀子投入自動化的企業,得到的是Input?、Investment?、Output?、Outcome?、還是Performance or Value,更重要的是對社會的影響力在哪?</p><p><span class="kz fs" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(36, 36, 36); color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: -0.06px;"></span></p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="0def" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">提升Performance與Value的重點不是Input,而是化解人與人的關係,對於目標、理念、文化的共識提升,自然Input不會如滾雪球的出現,Output看得到,再深入到Outcome的呈現,經營績效自然到手。這無關戰略的高度,而是日常管理的手段-「報、連、相」的有效發揮。</p>管理其實也可以很easyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07523162515720239456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169650843082242314.post-12742024765357824542024-01-12T20:19:00.001+08:002024-01-12T20:19:11.074+08:00管理其實也可以很easy-報連相(多吃菠菜就會變強)<p> 2024-1-10</p><div class="er es et eu ev l" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 68px;"><article style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="l" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="l" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><section style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="fk fl fm fn fo" style="box-sizing: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;"><div class="ab ca" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; justify-content: center;"><div class="ch bg ew ex ey ez" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 24px; max-width: 680px; min-width: 0px; width: 680px;"><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="13e6" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">談管理,總是讓人有一種高不可攀,制式化,與賺錢有關的印象,但其實管理無所不在,不只是工作上,日常管理也都一樣,就是你想做什麼,做了後是否很快樂?</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="911c" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">生活中除了工作外,有三件事是讓管理輕鬆的不二法門,那就是「報連相:報告、連絡與相談」這三個字用日文發音是「HO、RAN、SO」與菠菜的日文發音一樣,在TQM全盛時期,品管大師都會提醒,多吃菠菜就可以有好績效,就是報連相做得好,績效自然好的寓意。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="cfa1" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">一般人工作,PDCA是耳熟能詳的基本功,是否落實,那就霧裡看花,霧煞煞了。計畫、執行、檢討、矯正四個步驟,是人類成長的主要動力,也是進步的基本元素,問題是,計畫不見得人人會做,執行是中國人特質,努力。查檢與檢討是中國人的罩門,報喜不報憂的念頭,喪失很多可以學習更多的過程(Lesson -learning)。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="c0b1" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">錯誤的發生,80%往往是重複性的,記取教訓的口號,從小時候就被調教要如此,卻是最難實踐的一種行為模式,主要因為少了檢討與矯正的過程。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="7a98" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">先回頭談談今天的主軸-「報連相」。這是組織運作最重要的一個隱形企業文化-Reporting system。簡單先定義一下這三個字:</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="b7dd" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">報告:</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="e75c" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">中國人對於報告很排斥,總覺得那是下對上的義務,提到報告就有誰比較大的心理作祟。加上績效等因素,報喜不報憂,某種程度是幫主管解套,不陷主管於不義(部屬工作沒做好,主管的責任,最後成了共犯結構)。其實報告有幾大類型,必須定義清楚:</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="c60c" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">一是業務報告(職務上的匯報與結果的報告),又分為定期與不定期的報告,涵蓋進行中與結果的部分。傳統最常見的有日報、週報、月報,專案會報,業務報告等等,大部分是下對上的業務報告。這種定型報告看似簡單,要做好卻有很深的底蘊,現在大都淪落成行事曆的彙總,價值淡然無存。如何寫好一份工作會報,改天再聊;</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="5d0e" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">其次是業務執行過程相關議題、詢問,委託或是連絡事項的主動回覆,英文的response的概念。不是業務職掌的上下關係,只因業務有跨機能連結,業務上的承諾、同事或是對手的要求、詢問以及委託等,必要的時候,做適切的回覆,讓事情的進展有更清楚的畫面,是組織透明化管理「資訊共享」的層次。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="df9d" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">早期戴明獎的得獎標準就是以此八字箴言「資訊共享,問題共有」為組織文化的最高境界為標竿,組織有能力做到這八個字的境界,溝通不良、失誤等問題肯定消失無蹤,看似簡單卻不容易。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="dd1c" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">另外一種是業務記錄呈現的報告,如:技術報告、專案結案報告、工作報告(Status report)等等。這部分相對內容以業務執行的內容為主,要求度嚴謹多了,畢竟是企業的Know-How的東西,屬於無形資產的一環,一般以標準化管理為之。技術報告撰寫也是台灣企業的弱點之一,畢竟代工的型態,經驗比Know-Hoe積累更重要,卻只能接受微利的洗禮。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="54f4" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">還有一種報告比較特殊,屬於組織內部的專業領域,如研發日誌、醫學日誌、工作日誌等,這是一份紀錄,牽動到多方層面,重要性高,這種報告的撰寫相對制式化,據所知,在台灣很多單位並沒有落實此部分,只能說可惜!</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="5419" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">連絡:</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="238a" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">連絡比較沒有報告的那份嚴謹度,純粹是業務上的聯繫。業務執行過程,基本上無法靠本業來完成,都需要有跨機能的協作,才能達成目標,這個時候最重要的就是連絡的完善與否。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="8f05" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">本位主義,事不關己,多一事不如少一事的心態,自掃門前雪的現象瀰漫在組織中,無形中增加了會議與批判的場合出現。互踢皮球,工作往外推是人之常情,卻讓業務的執行過程,增添了無數的複雜度,這也是效率低落的主兇。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="4590" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">連絡,除了正式的組織溝通外(跨機能部會聯席會議是最美麗的名詞,卻是最無效的工作方法),有好的連絡文化,可以縮短業務流程的空間與時間。連絡首重完整,資訊共享,方得以問題共有。早期沒有e-mail時代,使用傳真機,都會有Attn與CC的連絡方式,就是告訴我們,一件事的完成,流程經過眾多部門,不是點對點的聯繫,是完整流程線與面的溝通,線上的每一個人,都該充分了解過程的一舉一動,才不至於出現遺漏,增加溝通成本的問題,這就是連絡的功能。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="2fe6" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">最後一個字是相談:</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="22f1" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">相談是微觀的溝通模式。執行業務過程,難免有不順的時候,動不動就開會,代價匪淺,何況會讓當事者尷尬。日常管理,從報告或是連絡上掌握問題,必要時,坐下來針對問題,更深入的瞭解已掌握狀況,做適切的調整,這就是相談的重點。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="2138" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">主管有時用相談方式與部屬進行更深層次的溝通,是達成目標的最佳方法。開會聯絡往往勞師動眾,剝奪了業務時間,如果沒有掌握好,更是浪費時間。報告,能掌握業務進行的動態,卻也可能因為成員的各方條件的差異,出現變數。只是逼著做好,只會讓部屬平添挫折感,適時的透過相談,給於部屬適切的幫助,同時也增加彼此的認識,是主管身為功能人資的最有價值貢獻。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="5a11" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">報告,可能一對多,也可能一對一,視時機而定。連絡,是網路的進行,資訊流的網路,可以讓組織不因為金字塔式的官僚體系而出現溝通不良情事。而相談更是解決點點最有效的方法,身為主管,善用相談的功夫,可以讓部屬的認同感提升,也可以藉此更進一步瞭解組織成員的狀況,適時調整,發揮組織的最大化效率。</p><p class="pw-post-body-paragraph kx ky fr kz b la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu fk bj" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="849b" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin: 2.14em 0px -0.46em; word-break: break-word;">今天,就多吃點菠菜吧!</p></div></div></div></div></section></div></div></article><div class="ab ca" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; justify-content: center;"><div class="ch bg ew ex ey ez" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 24px; max-width: 680px; min-width: 0px; 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block;"></div>管理其實也可以很easyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07523162515720239456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169650843082242314.post-64841863671465746672024-01-02T21:37:00.002+08:002024-01-02T21:41:00.604+08:00管理其實也可以很easy-攝影與管理<p>2024-1-2</p><p> 平常早上外出運動,看看花花草草,會隨手拿出手機拍照,再分享給朋友。</p><p> 這樣也過了幾年,出了幾個花花草草系列的影片。從不同角度看世界,有一種千變萬化的幻覺,這就是自然。前兩天,突然看到同學發來一個簡訊,看到自己分享的相片,問了一個問題:「為什麼不拍風景照,只照花?」</p><p> 說真的從來也沒想過這個問題,為了這個問題,想了一下,今天走在後山的途中,突發奇想的把照相與管理連結上,算是個人的職業病發作,請各位多多擔待。</p><p> 是的,拍風景感覺大氣、有場景,好表現、也吸睛。拍花卉,就只是一朵花,再美,感覺永遠都是很單調,孤寂。拍風景照有點像企業經營管理,是宏觀的議題,戰略。風景不會因為攝影者的靠近、離開而改變,是不變的,就看攝影者從哪個角度取景,不同的攝影者取景的角度不同,審美觀表現出相片的差異。而風景就像大環境的變化,不管你在不在,都不會因你而改變,或是自然都不會因你而改變。</p><p>這是個宏觀議題,與企業經營很貼近。企業經營就是處在相同的環境(風景),攝影者就像在這個環境下的企業,有人發現風景的美,用鏡頭擷取到風景最美的一面,當作產品以此賺錢。這是一份生意,拍獨特的秘境相片,當作產品待價而沽,是不會大方分享的,這就是行銷學所說的先行者或是創新者(First moving)。</p><p>一旦美麗的畫面被公開,風景立即變成景點,一堆人跑過去打卡,風景稀有與獨特的價值會隨著效用遞減原則而降低其魅力。企業經營亦如是,在大環境中,發覺一個沒有被注意到的場景(Discovery: 你看到別人看到的,你做到別人做不到的),規劃出獨特的商業模式,就會成為市場的領導者,套用管理術語叫「創新」或「創業」。可是相片被分享後,很多攝影者會飛奔而至,就是想要擷取最美的畫面,沒想到英雄所見略同,來的人多了,要找個好位置都難,於是只能擠來擠去或是等時間掌握相對較美的畫面。企業經營也會隨著加入的人越來越多,競爭就如找個好位置拍照一樣,越來越困難。而且風景也可能因為外界環境的影響而消失,如新北市瑞芳區的象鼻岩、野柳的女王頭也岌岌可危等等,企業經營想要永續,這時候就是轉型的時機了。</p><p>有審美觀的人拍到好照片,可是旁人往往不知道,為了等到一個好風景,攝影師可能在那裡等了多久了。一個月、三個月、甚至一年都有可能。企業經營也是一樣,一般人總是喜歡聽企業家成功的競豔,都不想成功前有多少的失敗經驗,兩者的情境幾乎如出一徹。</p><p>就是這樣的寫照,有創意的人開創出商業模式(可是花了多少時間的嘗試錯誤),接下來一堆的人開始模仿、改良,就像擠在風景前搶位置的攝影者。因為角度、審美觀、與時間的差異,要拍出一張好的風景照,沒有那麼容易。市場競爭隨著多數人的湧入,價格、產品、與新鮮感,還有所處的地位,讓企業經營變得越來越不容易。即使站在原創者的相同位置,也因為時間、氣候、各種外在等環境變化,永遠找不到一個完全相同的情境,企業經營不也是一樣。</p><p>拍風景照,就是要有審美觀,與可遇不可求的機緣(天時地利與人和),更要有充分的準備(相機與設備)缺一不可。企業經營,從宏觀的內外環境分析,市場氛圍被湧入的競爭對手分餅,經營邁向微利此其主因。企業經營者,如果沒有時間到處逛逛,要在上下班的汽車內找到市場機會,就像每天只去風景區逛逛,如何發掘新景象?策略規劃亦復如此,忙於日常的業務的領導,是想不出好策略。有,也是從網路上翻拍而來的,再出名也是競爭一堆,「微利市場」可以聊慰。</p><p>中小企業老闆的最大盲點就是製造自己的忙碌,大小事一肩扛,讓忙碌吞噬企業的策略高度與創意發想。帶著相機的人,除了靠相片賺錢的專業攝影師外,一份休閒的心情是拍出好照片的主要元素,供企業領導者參考。至少有時間慢慢觀察,才有可能看到未來三到五年的景象,日常管理需要投資不多,三餐應該不是問題。如果不是為了未來發展,永續,管理沒有那麼複雜!</p><p>回頭說到拍攝花卉,這是一個戰術問題,就好像企業內部的人力資源管理。花卉生命週期短,不是談永續,是階段任務。開花、落花、都是為生命永續而努力。企業經營亦復如此,想要永續還得靠人力資源的持續改善,建構的能力資本來支撐。就是因為是個別族群,一整片的花海難免會有殘花敗柳,要讓樹木永續,生生不熄的活力是花卉迷人的地方。</p><p>拍攝花卉純粹看審美觀與取景角度,但自然會因為環境的影響,花卉為了階段任務而出現各式各樣的變化,對於攝影者而言,這是微觀世界,最容易表現自己的審美觀。人力資源是微觀的管理世界,人來人往是組織永續的必然。當組織出現有些人不可置換,或是有些領域找不到合適的人才,或是內部人力資源過剩,生產力低,如花卉因為開得太茂盛,養分供給不足,樹木開始邁向老化的現象一樣。</p><p>拍攝花卉看到花花草草的萌芽、成長、成熟與衰退,一棵樹要跨越百年,是要經過千錘百鍊的過程,開花、落花、結果、萌芽,(落花雖是無情物,化作春泥更護花;人員進出本自然,只進不出終難撐;只出不進亦無奈,少了人才事難成)這就是自然。</p><p>人資管理重視細緻與呵護,就像花卉相片,「花開堪折直須折,莫待無花空折枝」把最美的一刻留下,就像讓人才發揮最有貢獻的那個過程。</p><p>拍攝風景需要有更多的準備與好奇,才可能出現創新模式。同樣的風景,最美的畫面往往只有一個,就看你是先行者,或是搶拍攝位置的那位。但提醒諸位,一張好相片的出現,可能是一年中的一個剎那的畫面,沒有充分的醞釀與準備,一夜致富的想法,還是留在床上想吧!</p><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br />管理其實也可以很easyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07523162515720239456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169650843082242314.post-7230777424648895272023-12-31T14:49:00.003+08:002023-12-31T14:49:37.267+08:00管理其實也可以很easy-消失的地平線,創業精神突然不見了<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">2023-12-31 Anthony Liaw</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"></blockquote>那天(2023-12-28)去台中參加亞太善意永續發展協會(ASIA Pacific Goodwill Sustainable Business Development Association : 簡稱AGA)的第二年年會。一個活力十足的協會,分工明確,從接待到會務的進行,與年會中穿插的抽獎活動過程,充滿了善意與愛意,讓人羨慕的年會。<br /><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"></blockquote>是什麼原因?有什麼理由驅動出這股能量?就是因為是「善意協會」就會呈現的能量嗎?想了很久,也仔細觀察了一整天,歸納出幾個小小的看法,提出來分享。<br /><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"></blockquote>原因很多,成功關鍵要素(KSF)也可以羅列清單,但最主要的原因可能在於呈現出來「當責」的氛圍,而「當責」又來自於「創業精神」的展現。今天就來談談創業精神。<br /><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"></blockquote>當天看到的場景,有幾個情境值得好好分享,譬如:組織的歸屬感、團隊精神、組織分工、沒有你我他的R & R,互補的任務、媽媽心理等等…簡單說明如下:<br /><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"></blockquote>1.<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>組織的歸屬感:這個協會去年才成立,前面八年時間是以聯誼會的性質運作。成員對於宗旨與理念的投契,發起成立協會的議案,於去年正式成為協會。在台灣推廣善意的倡議單位不是沒有,一般非營利組織受限於資源的取得不易,往往只能走一步算一步。這個協會的成員,來自於理念的自發,本身又大多是企業經營者為主,資源不是問題,常說的萬事起頭難在此協會不是問題,對於理念的推廣,依循發展計劃邁步向前,自有其得天獨厚的一面。對於平常熟悉與市場業績衝刺,變化多端的商業競爭,賺錢讓企業把靈魂放在上帝的十字架上,那是忙碌的藉口。每個人都有善念,經商之餘,能夠讓善意發散,讓社會變得更和諧,是台灣人最近幾十年最迫切需要的元素,這樣的理念把善意勾引了出來,為善最樂。<br /><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"></blockquote>2.<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>團隊精神(Teamwork):理念的認同,業務推廣上,自動自發地參與會務,有TQM(Total Quality Management)全員參與的影子,可以從敬酒的過程窺探,一定是團隊活動-非個人。協會會務運作以委員會來執行。新創事業,組織規模還不大,革命情懷濃厚,委員會是由全體會員自主認領,形成一個堅強的專案組織。會員基本上都是企業主或是企業管理者為主,平常忙碌中分身照顧會務,誘因不該是金錢,畢竟剛成立的協會不會有太多資源的。理念的認同,願景的揭露,滿足了支撐企業創業維艱的力量,經營理念讓團隊的目標更明確展現出傳統組織看不到的當責氣氛。經營理念是創業者的獨家配方,影響周遭的人事物,卻不容易複製。<br /><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"></blockquote>3.<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>組織分工、沒有你我他的R&R:組織與產品一樣,會經歷生命週期的過程:萌芽期、成長期、成熟期最後走進衰退期。萌芽階段是組織剛成立的過程,缺管理、缺資源、缺人、缺業務等等,嚴重點的舉步維艱的困境,是草創初期的困境,此時組織追求的是「我要活下去」。但這個階段也有一個一般組織看不到的現象,就是沒有組織、流程所規劃出來的R & R。一個人當三個人用是常態,主要是那份發自內心的參與感,沒有誰的工作,互補與支援,把事情做好為原則,這就是創業精神的一個表現,多久會消失?第一代創始會員離開的時候開始會出現變化。<br /><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"></blockquote>4.<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>互補的任務:就是因為沒有你我他的R&R,業務的互補,形成接班人的氛圍,業務推廣都無需派任或指定,依據會務需求,自動自發的補位,(有人工作忙碌,會有人主動補位)這在NPO組織中,是最難做到的,畢竟會員平常業務在手,參與協會只是經營外的社會公益活動。這種現象有點「雁行理論」的味道,領導帶領團隊前進,需要時自動補位,讓隊形保持最佳狀態。這是一般組織最不容易看到的經營課題。組織內各司所職,沒有KPI就沒有動能的職場文化,都沒錯,卻讓經營績效慢慢流失於組織流程與執掌間而不自知,就是創業精神不見了。<br /><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"></blockquote>5.<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>媽媽心理:這也是創業精神的最大發揮。全體都是創會會員,對於協會的運作,就像媽媽帶小孩的過程,從呱呱落地開始,小心呵護的母愛,發揮得淋漓盡致。有錢出錢、有力出力在這裡可以看到這樣的氛圍。這也是企業無法維持創業精神的一個盲點,當組織不斷的成長,就像一個家庭小孩越生越多,媽媽照顧小孩就難以像第一個小孩一樣,無微不至,接下去就不能再強調創業精神了,進入組織的成長期,必須面對快速成長的效率追求的組織規劃。<br /><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"></blockquote>創業精神是什麼?可能很多人都想一虧全貌,卻不容易。組織的成立,不一定都是理念開始,有些也是因緣際會而出現的,要把創業經營與永續畫上等號不切實際。但創業精神透露出來的是一份敏捷組織的精實管理模式,反倒比較接近稻盛和夫的「變形蟲組織」,如何維持?相對對很多人來説,都是痛苦的體驗,畢竟,創業者的心境,沒有時間多想。一旦站穩後,又不想多想,也沒人願意重複艱苦的過往,不知不覺中消失也是必然。<br /><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"></blockquote>這是一個收穫滿滿的學習,回頭看看自己的協會,可能很多人會說不能等同相比。也確實,會員組成不一樣,成立31年與2年的條件不同,這些都是實情,重點是永續的路上,標竿學習可以少走很多的冤枉路。複製做法只會四不像,複製策略更是買到「永生花」當「自然」來看待,如何找回創業精神,或許也是自己的一個階段修為的議題。<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">如果聽到第一代創業者抱怨「我們的創業精神都跑到哪裡去了?」不妨告訴老闆:「因為我們成功過…(「來」或「去」!)找得回來嗎?你說呢?當你不再想要改變,或對改變產生懼怕與排擠,或開始只想把事情做得更好、只看到碗裡的那點剩飯、覺得以前的作法都很好,感覺不到學習的重要…等現象出現時,建議可以盤點一下每個人的創業精神(POS : Personal Operation System),因為那可能就是老化的現象。記著!這種狀況不容易自我察覺,有點像精神病。但可以看看周遭的人,是否不再多講新鮮事,只圍繞在過去的輝煌戰績?那就是老化看上你了!</div></div>管理其實也可以很easyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07523162515720239456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169650843082242314.post-48192961470438041952023-12-12T16:48:00.000+08:002023-12-12T16:48:06.801+08:00管理其實也可以很easy-談談台灣的價值觀<p>2023-12-12</p><p>昨天去和平東路看篆刻展,順道看看石頭,「頑石不語最迷人」這句話最近蠻有感覺的。</p><p>看兩岸篆刻展,順道請教專家,沾一點文化氣息。看石頭的時候,聽老闆娘娓娓道來的石頭經,受益匪淺。平常世俗壓力讓自己有點面目可憎,偶而接觸一下藝術活動,也算是心靈雞湯的一種吧!</p><p>說著說著,就聊到篆刻比賽的話題,兩岸在此方面的消長,應該有很多的故事吧!短短的兩個小時的看展與觀石,心情很沈悶,一直問自己一個問題:「台灣人的價值觀真的改變了嗎?」 </p><p>故事一:</p><p>老闆娘提到,兩岸剛開放的那陣子,台灣人組團到大陸參賽,只要把作品拿出來,都會羨煞大陸的藝術家。好的石頭、美麗的包裝、與光彩的比賽準備...當時大陸剛開放,聽說當地出來參加比賽的,都是以一般不好用的石頭來刻字,畢竟那時的大陸人的收入很有限,買不起好石頭。藝術家未出名前,本來就是苦行僧的條件。</p><p>話鋒一轉,老闆娘感慨地提到,曾幾何時,現在台灣人到大陸參賽,都被大陸人質疑:「怎麼都用練習章來刻作品?」(按篆刻領域一般剛開始學習者,會以練習章來習做,費用高是一回事,刻出來的章還只是用來練習,石頭太貴買不起也是現實問題,現在的石頭價格也大幅度上漲,畢竟自然礦物可以開採的越來越少了)。害得老闆娘有苦難言,只能說到參賽者還未出名,考量成本,都是先用練習章刻印。</p><p>相對照大陸的經濟改善,文化面的進步需要時間的沈澱,但在硬體面來說,台灣已輸給大陸了。台灣不是標榜經濟發達嗎?藝術品市場表面上與經濟好像是兩碼子的事,其實就如紅酒理論一樣,一個經濟不發達的地方,藝術品市場是難以成長的。</p><p>台灣的貧富差距,年輕人已不再打高爾夫球(這不是奢侈品,這是國力的一種表現,看1990年代年輕人每天討論哪洞沒處理好,是國力的最佳表現。現在的台灣,好多與國力有關的產業,都慢慢式微了!更可怕的是年輕人的無感。</p><p>故事二:</p><p>有位新加坡的藝術家來店買石頭,一眼看上一個18,000元的石頭,看起來是雕刻家,幫客戶選石頭的。石頭漂亮自不在話下,但以自己的條件來看,要下這個手,還是會考慮個一陣子。沒想到那位先生打了個電話確認,只看了相片,客戶就立即決定了。</p><p>後來聽小姐與客人對話,小姐說到,以這樣的石頭,在台灣會買的客戶不多。即使會買,可能也會詢價好幾回。那位新加坡藝術家問為何?只因為台灣的藝術品市場,受到經濟的影響,大不如前。藝術家幫客戶治印,這樣的價位客戶難以接受。但新加坡不一樣,收入高,18,000元對新加坡人來說,稀鬆平常,但對台灣人而言,那是一筆錢。原來收入的高低,有這麼大的影響。</p><p>台灣的問題出在平均薪資太低,當初是四小龍之首,現在殿後卻還看不到前景,這才是最可怕的現象。韓國的平均薪資是台灣的兩倍,香港為2.2倍,新加坡是三倍,為何?台灣人的天真與理想性的消失,算是價值沈淪吧!</p><p>這是個案嗎?不是的,這已是通案了。台灣年輕人的無感與小確幸,是問題的根源。一個笑傲全球的電子產業的國家,平均收入卻是如此低廉,主要原因為何?政客的無能與操弄,企業經營的無效率作為,賺取勞力財的產業政策,如何不成為低薪國家。</p><p>沒有足夠的收入,雙薪成為必然的結果,如何不少子化?畢竟小孩的養育費用與教育,不是區區幾千塊生育補助得以解決的。合理的薪資,能夠讓家庭教育健全,不需要靠雙薪來養家活口,才是根本之道,政客知道嗎?(不知道自己不知道最可怕,但知道自己知道最可恨!)</p><p>台灣想要奪回尊嚴,該如何調整?很簡單,薪水乘以三,還能夠具備競爭力,那才是世界第一的競爭力,其餘的都只是賺取社會財的投機經營。</p>管理其實也可以很easyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07523162515720239456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169650843082242314.post-82283480661796553732023-12-01T12:07:00.004+08:002023-12-01T12:15:32.577+08:00管理其實也可以很EASY -樓下的餐廳收攤了-卻看到在大興土木<div>2023-12-1 Anthony Liaw </div><div>COVID-19期間,很多餐廳都支撐不住收攤了,樓下有間餐廳也難逃百年不易的命運-收攤了!</div><div>疫情剛過沒多久,就看到樓下的餐廳大興土木,疑惑之下,請教了設計師,才搞清楚,原來老闆收回房子,想讓小孩有點事做,就想原本出租的就是餐廳,自己也來開家餐廳,應該很適合,就這樣投資了。(有錢人的思維就是如此的帥氣,有個富爸爸真不錯)</div><div>請教老闆:「餐廳特色?可賺錢嗎?」以原來那家餐廳的經營狀況來看,市場性夠的,是受到COVID-19的衝擊才收攤的,在此經營就看產品與服務。</div><div>老闆的回答很妙:「就讓小孩有事做吧!」哇!好拔尖的老爸,胳臂粗沒話講,台灣人就是這股豪氣,新的餐廳開幕了。</div><div>偶而會繞過去看看營業狀況,很多的問號,這樣的餐廳可以維持多久?畫面上反映出來的就是年輕夫婦滑著手機,門可羅雀,應該慘淡經營吧!投資者都說了,有點事做就是了,那還在乎什麼,該算命了吧!果不其然,上個月掛出吉店出讓的紅布條,離開幕還不到一年時間。</div><div>早期的統計數字是,日本的企業平均壽命三十年,台灣的企業平均壽命十三年,大陸的企業平均壽命三年,現在這個數字應該都不一樣了吧!應該縮短很多,如果再加上咖啡廳等等的數字。該好好的做功課。(這個問題相信ChartGPT不會回答,有爭議性,哈哈哈!)撇開疫情的因素,貿易戰、反全球化、區域政治、少子化、通膨等等社會與經濟情勢,也讓這個數字大幅下滑才對。沒有最新的數據,還是等查到統計數字再來討論這個面相。</div><div>結果今天出門運動,繞過去看到有人在裝潢,顯然是有接手。請教木工頭頭,換手啦!是的,對面一家餐廳,因為座位不夠,生意好常常被客戶訴願,看到這個店面,覺得適合就租下來了。</div><div>今天不談宏觀經濟,只談微觀生活,同樣一個地方,為何一家餐廳應接不暇,座位不夠被客人投訴?一家卻門可羅雀,最後草草收攤,結束營業?今天來談談企業經營這個話題。</div><div>一個沒想贏的經營,如何贏?不贏也正常,只因沒有贏的基因。個人以「贏」這個字寫過一篇文章(請諸君上部落格搜尋)。中國字造字不是隨興,也不是蕭規曹隨而已,是有其時代性與造字的邏輯。現代人早已把中國字造字的六大法則拋諸腦後,甚至想要去而快之,這是文化傳承上的無奈。中國字的六大造字法則是:象形、指事、會意、形聲、轉注、假借,每個字基本上都有其來龍去脈。</div><div>譬如說「贏」這個字,是由幾個元素組成,分別是「亡」、「口」、「月」、「貝」、「凡」。也就是說,想要贏,必須有五大覺悟。現代人強調享受,那是生活的層次,沒有壓力不叫工作,只是中國人習慣把工作與生活混為一談,忽略了目的與手段的關係。工作是手段,為了賺錢過好生活。在台灣則只剩下工作,沒有生活。搞壞身子是一回事,不懂生活更是可惜,最主要的是沒有生產力的工作,追求生活是奢侈品。台灣的平均薪資只是韓國的一半,低薪資高成本,如何談生活?</div><div>經營企業是要提供生活的條件,為的不只是個人,是社會問題,獲利是最基本的目標。企業獲利需要有好的商業模式(市場與營收)與生產力(Cost)。今天利用一點小篇幅,來談談「贏」家法則。</div><div>經營企業要「贏」的首要條件就是「亡」,要有背水一戰的決心,經營企業不像擺攤,要開要收隨興。企業經營如果只是談賺錢,那是短暫投機的目標,每天算帳;如果企業經營談永續,那是一條不歸路,沒有回頭的空間,因為是社會問題(一旦經營不善收攤,將會有多少家庭會受到影響),不是一個人飽、全家飽的概念。</div><div>其次企業經營要做到「口」,有口皆碑,讓體驗成為活廣告,口耳相傳的體驗經濟,為企業帶來未來經營的條件(先進指標,沒有OKR的神聖,卻很實際)。口碑的形成,日本的品質大師「狩野模型」,是一個可以作為參考的理念。最近日本公司品質沈淪的很嚴重,這是一個值得深刻探討的問題(台灣的品質還不到可以拿出來被公評的程度,只是法尊的層次)。</div><div>有這兩個條件還不夠,重要是否有獲利,也就是「貝」為中心支柱。一家不會賺錢的企業,領導能力再好,理念再好,口碑再高,決心再夠,都是無濟於事,終究回到原點。有前面的兩大條件卻還不賺錢的經營,代表還有經營盲點,畢竟有了錢才能夠吸引好員工、投資好技術、為未來、社會與地球投資佈局談永續。</div><div>賺錢人人都想要,卻不見得人人會賺錢(條件好、很努力、也很有概念卻不賺錢的同好,建議盤點一下問題,總是有些盲點待打開,特別是有加不完的班的人。)經營企業要有系統觀,組織、人才、產品、開源與節流,「產品力」與「生產力」是靠系統打造出來的,不是一個人的舞台秀。看到老總忙前忙後,個人光環亮麗,卻不賺錢的企業,建議想想這個問題,可能是少了系統觀(傳統管理說的人治還是法治)。「月」這個條件指的是經年累月,永續不能只看碗裡的飯,也必須想想利益關係人碗裡的東西,那是生活的層次,幸福感不是一兩天的事。中長期計畫、年度計畫、月度計畫、日常管理等等,百年老店都離不開這樣的系統運作。</div><div>最後就是「凡」,這個字很微妙,做不好會成為「煩」-焦慮。萬丈高樓從地起,天下事一個人做不完,天下米一個人做不了,靠一個人的企業,榮景就是三十年,打造團隊,把目標逐步的完成,最主要的是能力與生產力。學習很平凡,工作很平凡,該做什麼事很平凡(Action Plan),可是在強大的領導力之下,人才成了凡夫俗子,個個像奴才,資源耗盡於無謂的管理與程序中(Busy do nothing),結果低薪水、高成本的現象,成了企業裁員的藉口,初衷不見了。</div><div>「贏」家法則,從平凡的生產力追求開始,一步一腳印的,讓員工的職能充分發揮(Productivity)並與時俱進(Training system);資源有效地展現投資效益(ROA);提供滿足市場需求的產品(Product & Service);讓客戶愛不釋手與競爭對手敬佩與競相學習的對象;有品質(生活與工作)的領導與高效的經營團隊(ESG SMT),才有可能塑造出幸福與永續經營的組織文化,難否?高薪水、低成本的幸福企業!</div><div>樓下的餐廳之所以撐不到一年,用贏家法則來檢視未免小題大作!但少了目標的工作,打發時間並不是生活,更不是工作,是一份沒有經營文化的想法。對於小孩的教育,不是本文討論的重點,但真的愛小孩,這樣的失敗的代價,是否還少了「學習到了嗎?」的成本。個人覺得很可惜!</div>管理其實也可以很easyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07523162515720239456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169650843082242314.post-88814162238015366012023-11-22T10:26:00.007+08:002023-12-12T16:48:46.372+08:00管理其實也可以很easy-採購管理的軟實力與硬實力<p> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span face="標楷體" lang="ZH-CN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">採購與供應管理人員的軟實力</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">Supply Management Business Acumen<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">2018/1/18 Anthony Liaw Version</span><span face="標楷體" lang="ZH-CN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">1.0</span><span face="標楷體" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">2023/11/22
Version:2.0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span face="標楷體" lang="ZH-CN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">好一陣子了,現在很流行談軟實力,似乎硬實力不重要,軟實力才是重點,這是一個現實的反應,卻也是價值的另一種面相。甚麼是硬實力?甚麼是軟實力?如果沒有一個合適的定義,談這些東西,只是浪費時間,課堂上教授換取學分的材料罷了!軟實力的抬頭,毋寧說是社會能量提升的一種表徵,也是社會邁向成熟的必然。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span face="標楷體" lang="ZH-CN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">中國大陸用短短三十年時間改變,在一線城市,幾乎再也看不到破舊與老化的影子。這是一個值得尊敬的進步,卻也是一個讓人若有所失的結果,看到的是一種同質化到幾乎都是樣板的改變,這就是硬實力的表現。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span face="標楷體" lang="ZH-CN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">有錢、有政策,可以做到其他地方看不到的效率,硬實力很強。這樣的發展背後,看到有錢的好處,卻買不到生活的尊嚴,也不知為了發展,失去了甚麼。根據統計,外國人到北京的停留天數,從平均五天掉到不到三天,只因為沒有甚麼好看了!這是得與失之間的平衡。交通問題、貧富差距</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">(</span><span face="標楷體" lang="ZH-CN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">下流社會</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">)</span><span face="標楷體" lang="ZH-CN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、生態多樣性、生活品質、環境破壞</span><span face="標楷體" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">…</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">..</span><span face="標楷體" lang="ZH-CN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">等等,還有很多的面相沒有浮現出來,這就是還沒看到軟實力發揮的結果!</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span face="標楷體" lang="ZH-CN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">從智慧資本</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">(Intelligent
Capital)</span><span face="標楷體" lang="ZH-CN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的角度來看,智慧資本有三個領域,分別為</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">K</span><span face="標楷體" lang="ZH-CN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">S</span><span face="標楷體" lang="ZH-CN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">A(Knowledge</span><span face="標楷體" lang="ZH-CN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">Skill</span><span face="標楷體" lang="ZH-CN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">Attitude)</span><span face="標楷體" lang="ZH-CN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">K</span><span face="標楷體" lang="ZH-CN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">知識,在管理學者的權宜措施之下,劃分為產、銷、人、發、財的領域分類,也是專業科系的由來。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">S</span><span face="標楷體" lang="ZH-CN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">則是知識的實務運用衍生出來的技巧,是實務面的能力,需要時間的考驗。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">A</span><span face="標楷體" lang="ZH-CN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">態度則是不管那門專業,在目標達成上、問題處理過程,業務推展的程序,用甚麼樣的心態來執行,套句最近的熱門話題,達到匠師的過程,就必須有一些看不到的能力</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">(</span><span face="標楷體" lang="ZH-CN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">工匠精神</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">)</span><span face="標楷體" lang="ZH-CN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">來搭配,工匠精神也是一種軟實力。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span face="標楷體" lang="ZH-CN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">簡單的為能力做個分類,硬實力是扎實的功夫,由知識與技巧的磨練出來的。也由於專業本質上的差異,分門別類的細分之下,形成各種不同領域的學門,學術用語上稱之為專業能力。就因為學門的緣故,之間的籓籬堅實厚重,難以跨越,形成一道道的專業城牆,出現文人相輕的現象,即所謂的本位主義。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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</v:group><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="float: left; mso-ignore: vglayout; width: 358px;"><span style="height: 66px; margin-left: 146px; margin-top: 13px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 30px; z-index: 251660288;"><!--[endif]--><!--[if !RotText]--><br /><!--[endif]--><!--[if !vml]--></span></span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">軟實力則是過程中的沉澱,發出本身的理念。從理念衍伸出價值觀,會在業務執行過程,自然反應出來的能量。運用硬實力</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">(</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">身</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">)</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的過程,一種不容易看得出來,不容易被複製與套公式的能力。套用學術用語,核心能力</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">(</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">靈</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">)</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、管理能力</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">(</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">心</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">)</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、以及價值觀</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">…..</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">等等皆屬之。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">右圖是一個陀螺,如果以陀螺來比喻企業經營,沒有外力陀螺無法自轉;同樣,外力用盡陀螺也會停止,要讓陀螺不停的轉動,就如企業追求永續一樣,一分一秒都不能鬆懈。陀螺的尖端就如經營者的理念,支撐著企業的轉動。往上是管理系統</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhR75kXh0un9zv29319fyohfLcohyzQu7GTu84yXbtCmH_mYlGBx6VnRoBi7P8Z7vg3xI4_uR-GIxdq5HKlPIVSbkP_YSk1xDixNr8d7IY1Ok5JsP93EpO6brQJai8WeeuSuikFRn7cWosqjlSJKF-VxjgZAs28jq9LS2bLOzdpNDzjnOnTCE0vB0xDzqc" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="276" data-original-width="354" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhR75kXh0un9zv29319fyohfLcohyzQu7GTu84yXbtCmH_mYlGBx6VnRoBi7P8Z7vg3xI4_uR-GIxdq5HKlPIVSbkP_YSk1xDixNr8d7IY1Ok5JsP93EpO6brQJai8WeeuSuikFRn7cWosqjlSJKF-VxjgZAs28jq9LS2bLOzdpNDzjnOnTCE0vB0xDzqc" width="308" /></a></div><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">(</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">心</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">)</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,再往上就是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">(</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">產</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">,</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">銷</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">,</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">人</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">,</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">發</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">,</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">財</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">)</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的專業系統</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">(</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">身</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">)</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,可是有一股力量看不到,就是人的部份</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">—</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">核心系統</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">(</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">靈</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">)</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。平衡、整合與協作,是讓陀螺轉得久的不二法門。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">最近最熱門的話題當首推</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">AI(</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">Artificial intelligence</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">「人工知能」,國科會翻成「人工智慧」,但很多人認為不妥,個人認同此一看法,所以用「人工知能」來稱呼</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">)</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。很多人研究的方向是甚麼職業會被取代,這些人都忽略了一個事實,既使沒有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">AI</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,很多職業也會被取代的。譬如:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">UBIKE</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">讓很多自行車行與計程車蕭條;讓速食麵萎縮的不是競爭對手也不是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">AI</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,而是美團外賣</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">,Foodponda,UBER</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">外送等等</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">…..</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">商業模式掛帥的當下,競爭對手不是同行,而是看不到的創新能力。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">職業會不會被取代,端看這個職業需要的能力是否制式化、一成不變、已經被大量複製</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">….</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">等等而定。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">AI</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">在這幾十年來,硬體技術的大幅躍進,加上</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">Deep learning(</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">深度學習</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">)</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">技術的加持、以及增強式學習(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">Reinforcement Learning</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)的突破,知識面的問題幾乎難不倒</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">AI</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,拿來取代人力的思維的議題自然少不了,但對於需要靠情境或是變化無常的軟實力的工作,至少這部份</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">AI</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">還沒有達到七情六欲的境界</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">(</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">是有在進步中</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">)</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">試想,對於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">AI</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的自動駕駛,世人歎為觀止的把</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">AI</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">捧上天,可是回頭看看,碰到物品轉彎,看到危險避開,不是四歲孩童都會的舉動嗎?為何大家如此吹捧</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">AI</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">?這個議題很有趣,有興趣的人自行想想,不是本期的主題,不在話下。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">個人簡單針對軟實力與硬實力兩部份做些整理:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
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<td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 56.45pt;" valign="top" width="75">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">項目</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.6pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">硬實力</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">軟實力</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.9pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">備註</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 56.45pt;" valign="top" width="75">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">定義</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.6pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">專業分類:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">(</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">如:採購議價技巧、機構設計、電子設計、推銷、財務作帳</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">….</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">等等</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">理念、價值觀、倫理道德、自我的認知</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">….</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">反應出來的態度與行為</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.9pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">讓專業能力更有效發揮、產生價值的一種不容易發掘的影響力量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 56.45pt;" valign="top" width="75">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">能力表現</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.6pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">技巧的熟練度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">改變的力量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.9pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">難以用科學衡量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 56.45pt;" valign="top" width="75">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">服務物件</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.6pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">為了目標達成,必須要的專業技能</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">(</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">自責與他責的觀點</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">當責的展現</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">(</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">如何達成目標的思考與做法</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.9pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">目標達成</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">60</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">分與</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">100</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">分的層次差異</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 56.45pt;" valign="top" width="75">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">學習方法</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.6pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">教科書、課程講授、傳授</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">…</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">等等可以透過分數來衡量的科學觀</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">萃取、思考、體會、轉化</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">….</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">沉澱後的自然反應,沒有目標的目標</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.9pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">哈佛</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">Case study</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的訓練目標:讀、想、聽、說、四種能力的呈現</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 56.45pt;" valign="top" width="75">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">領域範疇</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.6pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">專業分工,目標驅動的動力</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">沒有籓籬的管理</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">(CFM)</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,組織動起來的無形力量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.9pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">流程導向取代專業導向,跨機能管理取代機能別管理</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">表一:軟實力與硬實力的定義</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">CFM</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">Cross Functional Management</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">從這個角度來思考,那採購需要具備哪些能力,方得以成為傑出的採購專業經理人?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">Y2K</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">開始,管理的範疇受到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">Internet<sup>+</sup></span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的影響,大、智、移、雲、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">(Big Data</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">Smart Phone</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">Mobility</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">Cloud)</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">改變了遊戲規則,是典範的移轉,而不再是領域的深度而已。傳統產、銷、人、發、財的管理模式,雖還不到一無是處的地步,卻也出現捉襟見肘的困境。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">過去的經驗價值遠不及改變的力量,努力再也不是王道,一夜致富的創新思維顛覆了就業價值觀,這是一個前所未有的變革時代。以前的經驗很可貴,未來的能力更重要;專業的價值雖必要,跨領域的思維,才是致勝之道。採購從早期的買辦</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">(~1980</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,轉手觀音</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">)</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,談的是業務的執行,是引申需求的時代,採購只是一個附屬職能。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">隨著國際化與</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">Outsourcing</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">經營戰略的出現</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">(1990~2010)</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,國際化採購與資源調度,對採購職能的需求,不再只是管理管制的範圍而已,成本競爭提升了對採購功能專業化的需求。從供應商管理走進供應鏈管理的範疇,從執行面提升到戰略面的功能,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">VMI(Vendor Management
Inventory)</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">TCO(Total Cost Ownership)</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">ESI(Early Supply </span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">Involvement</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">)</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">EPI(Early Procurement
Involvement)</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">等等</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">….</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">採購不再是業務執行單位而已,是個成本競爭的關鍵職能。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">在獲利商業模式當道的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">21</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">世紀,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">O2O(Online to Off line)</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">成了新的職能定義,創新思維成了成功的關鍵要素,變革管理端在桌上無法不去面對,這時的採購,需要的是甚麼能力?圖一的採購職能架構,提供給採購人員的一個參考。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">一個人有沒有足夠的軟實力,不在學歷、經驗、與職位。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">21</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">世紀取而代之的是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">MI’T</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">能力</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">(Mobility Innovation Talent)</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。一種可攜帶的創新能力,任何時候,任務上身,就可以把任務拆解、轉化為戰略、目標,運用資源,達成任務的能力。不談領域、沒有專業,就是經營問題的解決,這就是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">21</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">世紀的能力需求。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">以往對能力的需求,過去的經驗的重要性主導一切。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">21</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">世紀對能力的需求,在於達成未來任務的能力,不分領域與專業,是靠軟實力去驅動硬實力的一種能力。這就是典範移轉的另一個面相。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">採購的能力,當然也可以分為軟實力與硬實力兩部份。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">硬實力主要就是採購專業所談的供應商管理、供應品質管理、成本管理、交期管理</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">(Q,C,D)</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、合約管理以及資產管理。再由此衍生的能力包括議價技巧,採購詢價、比價、議價等價格分析能力。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br />軟實力是執行這些硬實力的內在能力,如果把硬實力比喻為武學中的招式,軟實力就是內功與心法。嚴格講,軟實力並沒有分領域,屬於共通職能,只是在某些硬實力的搭配上,可能要求更多些。個人認為,採購需要的軟實力有:人際關係、目標導向、時間管理、資源整合、願景與價值觀、以及學習能力等等。<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">圖一:採購職能</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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</span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">針對這些能力,簡單敘述如下:</span><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjNHpYTpw8aFTYBziD14pxyM7BlF6Rp1C4_r9YSeQf6vjUdX7LnxxDwaKXaOm9_CupnPFkKgFp8D30YLOHV66U7eW4WFxzYR7857H3aOy3JokUHX0rlrbPrp_TyxsLA0CqkkH5fQoIm-5WCZvQ-vtOcKwWkSvbxfAVRy4lihHk0TnEtyupU3ADZjXn_i0A" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="385" data-original-width="534" height="231" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjNHpYTpw8aFTYBziD14pxyM7BlF6Rp1C4_r9YSeQf6vjUdX7LnxxDwaKXaOm9_CupnPFkKgFp8D30YLOHV66U7eW4WFxzYR7857H3aOy3JokUHX0rlrbPrp_TyxsLA0CqkkH5fQoIm-5WCZvQ-vtOcKwWkSvbxfAVRy4lihHk0TnEtyupU3ADZjXn_i0A" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 60pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -24pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">l<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">人際關係:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 60pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">採購是個人脈職種,與業務一樣,需要靠人際關係,把外部資源無限的延伸,可以說,無法做好人際關係的採購,不可能有好的績效。人際關係的重點在:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 60pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">溝通力</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 60pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同理心</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 60pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">經營力三方面。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 60pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -24pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">l<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">時間管理:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 60pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">21</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">世紀技術發展神速,以及網路世界的無遠弗屆,企業經營的成功關鍵要素在於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">TTM(Time To Market)</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">與</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">TTV(Time To Volume)</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。工業</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">4.0</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">追逐的客制化與獲利商業模式推動的時時化的需求,經濟規模、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">MOQ(Minimum Of Qty)</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、交期等等的傳統製造模式已無法應付未來經營所需。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">APS(</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">Advanced</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Production System)</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">追求的客制化生產,採購必須滿足短交期</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">(</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">無交期</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">)</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、無缺料、好品質、以及低物流成本的目標</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">(</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">採購</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">5R)</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,時間管理將是採購最重要的挑戰。這部份採購必須具備以下幾種能力:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 60pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">創新力</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 60pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">速度力</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">(3Q</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">作戰:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">Quickly Response</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">Quick Action</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">Quick Follow up)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 60pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">問題分析與解決</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 60pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">資訊應用能力</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 60pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -24pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">l<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">資源整合:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 60pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">採購是以資源調度為核心的職能,如何有效整合資源,是績效展現的不二法門。如何讓內部、外部的資源,能夠配合企業的政策,達到最佳化的整合,是採購專業必須培養的專案管理能力。這部份的能力需求有:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 60pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">團隊建設</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 60pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">領導統禦</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 60pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">計畫能力</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 60pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -24pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">l<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">願景與價值觀:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 60pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">MI’T</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的能力,是願景驅動與理念的結合,形成一種價值觀。為五斗米折腰的態度,與創造奇跡的價值主張,是理念的主導。也就是說,未來的經營型態將是高度與態度的結合。主要能力要求有:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 60pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">願景與策略規劃</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 60pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">目標管理與執行力</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 60pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">洞察能力與事業力</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 60pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -24pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">l<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">學習能力:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 60pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">未來的世界誠如愛麗絲夢遊記裡,在棋盤上皇后對愛麗絲說的:「在我們的世界,必須不斷地跑,才能留在原地</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">….</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">」。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">21</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">世紀的競爭,也是如此的境界,不斷的學習,終身學習,方得以占得一席之地。學習,將是未來決勝負的關鍵語。此部份的能力有:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 60pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">指導力</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 60pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">培育力</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 60pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">學習力</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">如何提升採購的軟實力?建立採購執行力,達到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">MI’T</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的境界,採購必須先改變職能定義</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">—</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">採購不再只是業務執行的管理管制</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">(</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">這部份已被</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">ERP</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">系統取代</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">)</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,必須提升到戰略層級,方得以展現採購的價值。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">以下幾個步驟,謹提供給有心專業採購參考。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 72pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo2; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -24pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">u<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">任務:採購任務的重新定位。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 96pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo2; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -24pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">l<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">對從事採購這件工作,自己有甚麼理念?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 96pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo2; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -24pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">l<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">採購對企業或是組織的貢獻價值的定義,為何組織需要這樣的職能,有與無之間的差異大嗎?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">…..</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 72pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo2; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -24pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">u<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">願景目標與戰略:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 96pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo2; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -24pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">l<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">願景:談談自己想要在工作崗位上,成為怎樣的一位專業經理人。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">(</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">如:我希望在五年內,成為公司主要利潤來源的部門</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 96pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo2; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -24pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">l<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">目標:為自己訂下目標,畫下生涯藍圖</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">(Carry Map)</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 96pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo2; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -24pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">l<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">策略:透過能力需求盤點,找出能力缺口,以創新思維,思考達成目標的有效策略,並轉化成為行動計畫。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 72pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo2; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -24pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">u<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">行動計畫:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 96pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo2; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -24pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">l<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">目標與策略轉化成行動計畫,轉化成為季、月、周的工作目標,時時查檢與調整。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 72pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo2; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -24pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">u<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">能力培育:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 96pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo2; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -24pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">l<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">依據能力需求自行排定學習地圖與計畫,並依據學習計畫,將學習轉化成為能力,特別是軟實力,為訓練移轉的重點成功關鍵。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 72pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo2; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -24pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">u<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">跨領域與行動學習:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 96pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo2; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -24pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">l<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">打開思維,讓</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">MI'T</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的能量無限延伸,只談任務,不談專業,做到沒有專業的萬能經理人。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">採購的軟實力當然不只這些,但如果能夠從這些領域著手,應該可以更契合時代與組織的需求,讓能力為獲利與回報服務,避免空有十八般武藝,卻苦於有志難伸的困境。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">MI’T</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,共勉之!</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">後注:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">有關願景規劃與供應鏈管理的部份,礙于篇幅,本文中並無細述,有興趣者,個人可以提供一個範本,歡迎索取。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">本文重點在於採購與供應管理需要的軟實力,應用與內容沒有觸及,請見諒。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">這是個人</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">2018/1/18</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">寫的文章,可能有些資訊都必須更新,譬如;永續、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">ESG</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">AI(ChatGPT)</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、影響力等等。但大部分的內容仍然有其基礎,畢竟軟實力不像硬實力,一旦領域</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">(Domain)</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">消失,就得重新學習新的專業知識,重新來過。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">很多採購同好都被工作追著跑,被逼得就是想方設法地找到解方</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">(</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">萬靈丹</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">)</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,結果對這個領域是慢慢進入狀況熟悉了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">(</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">卻只知其然不知所以然</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">)</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。當碰到組織轉型</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">(ESG)</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">或技術轉型,或是轉換個跑道,往往就得重新來過,那是領域專業</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">(Domain Know How)</span><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的必然。讓採購的實力軟、硬兼施,學習力與影響力的沉澱,應該會是很好的方向。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>管理其實也可以很easyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07523162515720239456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169650843082242314.post-65365142267913917102023-08-01T18:28:00.007+08:002023-08-01T18:28:34.214+08:00管理其實也可以很Easy-Unlocking profit chain-打開隱形獲利源<h2 class="title" style="background: rgb(250, 250, 250); border-bottom-color: rgb(169, 169, 169); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 4px; color: #7a7a7a; font-family: Arial, 微軟正黑體, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 72px 0px 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="titlename" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #555555; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Unlocking profit chain-打開隱形獲利源-2023-3-20</span></h2><div class="blogrank" style="background: rgb(250, 250, 250); border: 0px; color: #7a7a7a; font-family: Arial, 微軟正黑體, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="counter" style="background: url("http://s.blog.xuite.net/_image/skin/background/1491/blogrank_bg.png") 0px -40px no-repeat; border: 0px; display: block; float: right; height: 17px; margin: 0px 6px 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 3px 0px 0px 24px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span id="article_counter" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">541</span></span><span class="category" style="background: url("http://s.blog.xuite.net/_image/skin/background/1491/blogrank_bg.png") 0px -20px no-repeat; border: 0px; display: block; float: right; height: 17px; margin: 0px 6px 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 3px 0px 0px 24px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://blog.xuite.net/tonyliaw/twblog/?st=c&w=5628994&p=1" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #555555; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">採購管理</a></span></div></div></div><div id="tabs11" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; clear: both; font-family: Helvetica; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 5px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-wrap: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;"><div id="clouddiv" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><ul style="background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></ul></div></div></div><form action="https://blog.xuite.net/_theme/item/item_jsonp_near.php" method="GET" name="map_near_main" style="background: rgb(250, 250, 250); border: 0px; color: #7a7a7a; font-family: Arial, 微軟正黑體, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" target="test"></form><div class="blogbody" style="background: rgb(250, 250, 250); border: 0px; color: #7a7a7a; font-family: Arial, 微軟正黑體, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.7; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div id="content_all" itemprop="articleBody" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 1px 0px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "PingFang TC"; font-size: medium; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">很多經營者都在感嘆,小公司沒有資源,小公司沒有人才,小公司沒有管理的本錢...這是台灣1,590,000萬家中小企業最常聽到的感嘆聲。賺錢人人想要,企業也都不卯足了力,就是賺錢第一,有些企業賺得容易,大部分的企業就沒有這麼幸運,為何?人物金的投入都一樣,差異又在哪?問題就在這,運用資源的方法不見得一樣,差異往往就在這個節骨眼上。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "PingFang TC"; font-size: medium; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">以一個最基本的公式(Performance = Output / Input)來看企業經營,Output當然是經營績效最直接的反應,卻不是那麼容易,畢竟攤在太陽底下的事情沒有秘密,英雄所見略同。創造Output的方法很多,今天不談這塊,容以後再找機會詳談。Input這個要素,卻是企業最容易忽略的一塊。料、工、管不就是企業主要的投入資源嘛,有何差異?如果您是這麼認為,那就要請您仔細回去翻翻舊賬,企業無形成本就在這個部分。Input在不知不覺中,無限的膨脹,吞噬利潤。譬如:採購買一個零件進來,結果品質出問題,IQC判了批退,採購就引申出很多的新工作。退貨處理、廠商聯絡、問題處理、補貨程序、生產延滯、交貨遲延、再次交貨的過程等等,遠比所提到的複雜多了。這樣的過程,Output不止沒有改變,反而降低,但Input不止翻一翻,甚至是滾雪球般的放大。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "PingFang TC"; font-size: medium; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">問題是企業營運把眼光都放到Output的追逐,忽略了本身Input的控制,這是吃掉公司營運利潤的無形枷鎖。能夠讓Input的品質成本有效控制,企業的利潤自然浮現,最後競爭力提升,獲利提升,都在Input中決勝負。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "PingFang TC"; font-size: medium; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">採購專業的價值與意義可以分為兩部份,一是創造價值(採購加值);一是維護價值(降低採購的品質成本)。在群裡看到有問採購小兄弟提到鑄件品質問題的討論,看來問題有點棘手,今天就來跟大家先談談採購的維護價值。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "PingFang TC"; font-size: medium; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">組織透過採購程序購買物資,會因為方方面面的不注意,出現品質、成本、交期甚至額外的傷害等等的問題,帶給相關單位困擾(生產、業務、品質、客服等等)。輕則生產受損,或是品質出現問題,甚至不得不重新找替代廠商,增加處理成本...(也就是傷害到公司的利潤來源)</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "PingFang TC"; font-size: medium; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">重則使組織蒙受損失,損害的範圍很難估算,包括商譽損失等等...這就是所謂的品質損障成本(沒有做適當的品質投資-品質維護成本,出現的負面成本)。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "PingFang TC"; font-size: medium; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">這種現象的出現,往往是採購的程序沒有完備,特別是SQA(Suppli Quality Assurance)沒有做好甚或沒做。採購的對象不是合格供應商(AVL:Available Vender List),選擇供應商,只是以價格為基礎的買賣,這是小企業最容易出現的狀況,還沒進入到管理的程序。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "PingFang TC"; font-size: medium; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">企業營運過程,為了滿足客戶需求,就必須想辦法讓顧客滿意,要達到顧客滿意的目標,QCDS(品質、成本、交期以及服務)的提供,是基本要件,特別是品質的確保。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "PingFang TC"; font-size: medium; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">採購的首要任務也是從品質保證開始,供應商管理才會以SQA來稱呼。要達到這樣的目標,採購尋找AVL是有個必要的程序(供應商評選與管理)。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "PingFang TC"; font-size: medium; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">一般採購在品質保證的流程上,有個很重要的程序,稱之為PPAP (Production Parts Approval Process,量產材料的承認程序)。透過跨機能的作法,針對參與標案的供應商,以品質保證觀點,做完整的確認(包括AVL評估、價格審查、圖面規格的理解度確認、打樣測試、品質與可靠度驗證、產線CPK、以及供應商供貨能力的完整評估,確認等等)。主要精神是以供應商必須具備有能力足夠做好品質保證自主管理為目標。以確保訂單下了後,不會衍生供應上的問題,造成量產不順或是品質瑕疵等問題,是新產品開發過程,技術部門與生產部門交接最關鍵的一個程序,量產準備最關鍵的一環。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "PingFang TC"; font-size: medium; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">前面提到的那個鑄造件的品質問題,那不能稱之為問題,應該說根本都還不知道問題是什麼。採購對於本身的任務價值,還有待澄清。建議可以透過APS了解採購的價值與任務,方知道必須具備哪些職能,才可能根本解決問題。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "PingFang TC"; font-size: medium; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">加油!</p></div></div>管理其實也可以很easyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07523162515720239456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169650843082242314.post-5049186874710624142023-08-01T15:58:00.003+08:002023-08-01T15:58:50.832+08:00管理其實也可以很easy--談談JIT與VMI -II<h2 class="title" style="background: rgb(250, 250, 250); border-bottom-color: rgb(169, 169, 169); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 4px; color: #7a7a7a; font-family: Arial, 微軟正黑體, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 72px 0px 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="titlename" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #555555; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">管理其實也可以很easy--談談JIT與VMI -II 2009-11-17</span></h2><div class="blogrank" style="background: rgb(250, 250, 250); border: 0px; color: #7a7a7a; font-family: Arial, 微軟正黑體, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="counter" style="background: url("http://s.blog.xuite.net/_image/skin/background/1491/blogrank_bg.png") 0px -40px no-repeat; border: 0px; display: block; float: right; height: 17px; margin: 0px 6px 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 3px 0px 0px 24px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span id="article_counter" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1288</span></span><span class="category" style="background: url("http://s.blog.xuite.net/_image/skin/background/1491/blogrank_bg.png") 0px -20px no-repeat; border: 0px; display: block; float: right; height: 17px; margin: 0px 6px 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 3px 0px 0px 24px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://blog.xuite.net/tonyliaw/twblog/?st=c&w=5628994&p=1" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #555555; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">採購管理</a></span></div></div></div><div id="tabs11" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; clear: both; font-family: Helvetica; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 5px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-wrap: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;"><div id="clouddiv" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><ul style="background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></ul></div></div></div><form action="https://blog.xuite.net/_theme/item/item_jsonp_near.php" method="GET" name="map_near_main" style="background: rgb(250, 250, 250); border: 0px; color: #7a7a7a; font-family: Arial, 微軟正黑體, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" target="test"></form><div class="blogbody" style="background: rgb(250, 250, 250); border: 0px; color: #7a7a7a; font-family: Arial, 微軟正黑體, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.7; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div id="content_all" itemprop="articleBody" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 1px 0px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 到底甚麼是VMI?主要的意義與做法又是甚麼?為何需要VMI?相信有很多人還不是很了解。就是因為知其然,並不知其所以然,才會衍生那麼多的問題,如果只有一面倒的讓供應商平白增加成本與庫存風險,這樣的生意如何長久?又如何稱得上Win Win 的供應鏈管理?</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> SCM的目標就是追求流程整體的最佳化,不該只是找個代罪羔羊,把庫存壓力轉嫁出去而已,有好多的課題必須面對,也必須開誠布公的面對,並且有很好的流程再造的配套措施,才可能達到當初設定的目標。供應鏈管理不該只是一套IT,也不該只是一個機能的運作,把整個供應流程貫穿起來,讓流程的效率最大化的思維,是必須有整體的策略聯盟的。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 當時VMI是如何出現這樣的觀念與做法,今天就來談談此一問題。VMI如果要從頭說起,還是該先談談在日本行之已久的中心衛星體系。概念上是一家中心廠,在旁邊有些協力廠商,而協力廠商又各自有其協力廠商群,如此形成一個中心衛星體系,其實這就是供應鏈管理的基本架構。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 以前沒有那麼發達的IT,所有的運作都只是靠流程與管理來維繫,由於各自小中衛體系形成的協力體系,讓整個供應管理的彈性能夠充分發揮。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 忙碌有時像吸鴉片一樣,會讓人上癮。兩個禮拜連續的課程,給了自己一個合理的藉口--忙碌。順理成章的,很多的事情當然受到影響,其實這些都是人類的惰性。好一陣子沒有上線,該好好的把VMI的觀念談清楚,以方便繼續談教育訓練。接下來我們繼續來談談VMI。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Toyota當時看到庫存對經營有這麼大的影響,加上傳統製造業以製造成本為主要管理指標,標榜的大量製造(經濟規模)成了經營管理的佳皋。經濟規模雖然看到成熟曲線帶來的效率,卻也忽略了每個程序中,一堆一堆庫存與移動過程的物流成本。為此Toyota做了縝密的評估,才發覺到推式的生產,有太多無形的成本,也都被忽略了,因此產生拉式的生產模式,及所謂的JIT生產。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 很多人都把JIT與零庫存畫上等號,這代表對JIT的理解還不夠充分。零庫存是境界與目標,但任何管理系統的目的都是在賺錢,君不會為了零庫存,連螺絲都採取零庫存式的採購吧!就是因為很多人對JIT只停留在零庫存的境界中,衍生出一籮筐的問題,落入典型的為管理而管理的困境。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> JIT生產的基本要件是依據需求而生產,亦即需要幾個、生產幾個;沒有需要,就不用生產。但要做到如此境界,也必須有幾個前提,分別是:不能用檢驗式品管方式來處理進來的物料,也就是說,做不到免檢的水準,就不夠條件導入JIT。另外還有幾個配套的措施,也必須齊備,否則就達不到目標。這幾個條件就是:『流』、『看板方式』與前面提到過的『QC』。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 要徹底執行JIT,還有一些必要的元素,就是整體物流的考量。此部分後來被運籌管理(Logistic)這個名稱取代,但其實是以拉式生產的為前提,讓TCO最小化的一種思維。先想想JIT適合於供應鏈的那個端口,也就是價值鏈上的重點?</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 其實JIT是適合於供應鏈的越末端,效果與價值越高。從使用者與市場的需求來拉動生產,就如水龍頭的概念一樣,需要喝水時打開就有,不用時關掉,不需要準備一桶大水桶的水(庫存),這才是JIT的真義。但物流、運輸有其難以突破的現實,要確實做到JIT的境界,有其難處,除非所有的供應商都是在附近。(這就是後來台灣企業形成的產業聚落的概念來源)</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 為了解決這類的問題,IT產業在難以承受的庫存壓力下(IT產業的庫存有其獨特性,就是"一日為庫存,終身為庫存",賺錢與否取決於庫存處理的精確度),後來發展出VMI的模式,也就是把庫存準備好,直接送到中心廠的倉庫,需要的時候隨時提貨,真正達到JIT的境界。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 但這還是要談效益在哪?否則一個新的系統看似完善,整體供應鏈的總成本不是最低的話,那就不是好系統,早晚會變調的。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 結果VMI一傳到台灣,整個變調了。採購不管供應商的成本增加,只是一個簡單的命令--VMI,結果呢?供應商賺的還是一樣的多,但表面上卻有一堆的數字損失(庫存管理、預測失準損失、短、缺件.....等等),這又透露甚麼樣的訊息?聰明的採購,好好想一想。沒有CSR的搭配,VMI只是框架;沒有好的預測系統(DSS:決策支援系統),VMI只會增加成本;沒有互相的共識與誠信,VMI將會是爾虞我詐的另一種面相,讓採購輸得更多。</p></div></div>管理其實也可以很easyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07523162515720239456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169650843082242314.post-26332087936385789952023-07-30T15:25:00.002+08:002024-02-23T11:52:14.840+08:00ESG與永續-產品碳足跡-(各國不盡相同)<div class="Preview_row__3Fkye row" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); clear: both; font-family: "One Montserrat", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px auto; min-height: 28px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class="Preview_componentWrapper__2i4QI" data-id="956F6600-5801-4176-82B4-4090DEDB6C0B" data-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: default; float: left; margin: 9px 0px 0px; min-height: 19px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class=" Preview_component__SbiKo text-align-null" data-id="956F6600-5801-4176-82B4-4090DEDB6C0B" data-in-template="false" data-kind="Component" data-specific-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; height: inherit; margin: auto; min-height: inherit; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px;"><div class="styles_contentContainer__lrPIa textnormal styles_text__3jGMu" data-mve-font-change="0" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><p class="textnormal " style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">2020-9-13</p></div></div></div></div><div class="Preview_row__3Fkye row" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); clear: both; font-family: "One Montserrat", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px auto; min-height: 60px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class="Preview_componentWrapper__2i4QI" data-id="1F3FD7B2-4094-4B4A-9662-A7546D6700BA" data-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: default; float: left; margin: 22px 0px 0px; min-height: 38px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class=" Preview_component__SbiKo text-align-null" data-id="1F3FD7B2-4094-4B4A-9662-A7546D6700BA" data-in-template="false" data-kind="Component" data-specific-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; height: inherit; margin: auto; min-height: inherit; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px;"><div class="styles_contentContainer__lrPIa textnormal styles_text__3jGMu" data-mve-font-change="0" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><p class="textnormal " style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">海外碳足跡試行事業,在碳足跡的標示上,非數值標示的標籤,商品沒有貼標籤,有的直接在超市的攤架上標示,或者在網頁上公開標示,等等各種各樣的做法。針對這些狀況,在與消費者的溝通上,必須下一點工夫。</p></div></div></div></div><div class="Preview_row__3Fkye row" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); clear: both; font-family: "One Montserrat", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px auto; min-height: 60px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class="Preview_componentWrapper__2i4QI" data-id="2AA82D9B-F65C-4DF2-93C4-793B52F2D62F" data-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: default; float: left; margin: 22px 0px 0px; min-height: 38px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class=" Preview_component__SbiKo text-align-null" data-id="2AA82D9B-F65C-4DF2-93C4-793B52F2D62F" data-in-template="false" data-kind="Component" data-specific-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; height: inherit; margin: auto; min-height: inherit; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px;"><div class="styles_contentContainer__lrPIa textnormal styles_text__3jGMu" data-mve-font-change="0" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><p class="textnormal " style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">一般在海外有關產品的碳足跡,直接就以「Carbon Footprint of Product」來涵蓋。然而到底差異在哪?「組織」、「國家」、以及「個人」的碳足跡有所區別。碳足跡顧名思義就是「碳排放的足跡」,不管是有形的商品、無形的服務。國家、企業、機構等組織團體也都有在使用。學校或是醫院也都會產生碳排放的事實,甚至個人與家庭排放的碳足跡也必須被考慮。</p></div></div></div></div><div class="Preview_row__3Fkye row" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); clear: both; font-family: "One Montserrat", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px auto; min-height: 60px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class="Preview_componentWrapper__2i4QI" data-id="C88349C8-B6CF-432D-BAD8-2028F9199B99" data-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: default; float: left; margin: 22px 0px 0px; min-height: 38px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class=" Preview_component__SbiKo text-align-null" data-id="C88349C8-B6CF-432D-BAD8-2028F9199B99" data-in-template="false" data-kind="Component" data-specific-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; height: inherit; margin: auto; min-height: inherit; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px;"><div class="styles_contentContainer__lrPIa textnormal styles_text__3jGMu" data-mve-font-change="0" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><p class="textnormal " style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">向海外專家簡單請教碳足跡是什麼?可能會被反問:「指的是產品碳足跡」嗎?在日本稱呼「Carbon Footprint of Product」簡稱CFP。海外則是以「Product Carbon Footprint」簡稱PCF。所以不管是產品或是其他,到底談什麼碳足跡,區別上必要多注意。</p></div></div></div></div><div class="Preview_row__3Fkye row" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); clear: both; font-family: "One Montserrat", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px auto; min-height: 41px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class="Preview_componentWrapper__2i4QI" data-id="3E9FF23F-B3D1-4C4E-B178-720BAE6898C6" data-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: default; float: left; margin: 22px 0px 0px; min-height: 19px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class=" Preview_component__SbiKo text-align-null" data-id="3E9FF23F-B3D1-4C4E-B178-720BAE6898C6" data-in-template="false" data-kind="Component" data-specific-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; height: inherit; margin: auto; min-height: inherit; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px;"><div class="styles_contentContainer__lrPIa textnormal styles_text__3jGMu" data-mve-font-change="0" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><p class="textnormal " style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">台灣在此領域,已開始推動產品碳足跡的標示。上圖就振南鳳梨酥的案例就是其中之一。這是未來的趨勢,也是企業社會責任的一環,更是Scope-3的重點精神。</p></div></div></div></div><div class="Preview_row__3Fkye row" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); clear: both; font-family: "One Montserrat", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px auto; min-height: 41px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class="Preview_componentWrapper__2i4QI" data-id="4883065A-09E6-4EBA-B8FA-6320774BEF3B" data-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: default; float: left; margin: 22px 0px 0px; min-height: 19px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class=" Preview_component__SbiKo text-align-null" data-id="4883065A-09E6-4EBA-B8FA-6320774BEF3B" data-in-template="false" data-kind="Component" data-specific-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; height: inherit; margin: auto; min-height: inherit; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px;"><div class="styles_contentContainer__lrPIa textnormal styles_text__3jGMu" data-mve-font-change="0" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><p class="textnormal " style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">產品基礎的差異</p></div></div></div></div>管理其實也可以很easyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07523162515720239456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169650843082242314.post-10320717716827046252023-07-30T15:23:00.003+08:002024-02-23T11:52:33.515+08:00ESG與永續-產品碳足跡-(LCA的影響不只是ESG,綠色設計才是解方)<div class="Preview_row__3Fkye row" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); clear: both; font-family: "One Montserrat", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px auto; min-height: 28px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class="Preview_componentWrapper__2i4QI" data-id="C84029C5-03A8-4699-825E-386F5F2D0533" data-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: default; float: left; margin: 9px 0px 0px; min-height: 19px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class=" Preview_component__SbiKo text-align-null" data-id="C84029C5-03A8-4699-825E-386F5F2D0533" data-in-template="false" data-kind="Component" data-specific-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; height: inherit; margin: auto; min-height: inherit; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px;"><div class="styles_contentContainer__lrPIa textnormal styles_text__3jGMu" data-mve-font-change="0" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><p class="textnormal " style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">2020-8-26</p></div></div></div></div><div class="Preview_row__3Fkye row" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); clear: both; font-family: "One Montserrat", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px auto; min-height: 60px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class="Preview_componentWrapper__2i4QI" data-id="D1D6EC68-72A7-4443-8563-2A2D18848560" data-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: default; float: left; margin: 22px 0px 0px; min-height: 38px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class=" Preview_component__SbiKo text-align-null" data-id="D1D6EC68-72A7-4443-8563-2A2D18848560" data-in-template="false" data-kind="Component" data-specific-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; height: inherit; margin: auto; min-height: inherit; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px;"><div class="styles_contentContainer__lrPIa textnormal styles_text__3jGMu" data-mve-font-change="0" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><p class="textnormal " style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">在日本,一提到碳足跡,第一個印象大概浮現出來的就是環保標籤。這是經濟產業省在2008年開始有關「碳足跡」的研究會成立,當初採用的「碳足跡標籤」,使用於參與的企業,貼在商品上做為環保標章的印象很深刻吧!</p></div></div></div></div><div class="Preview_row__3Fkye row" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); clear: both; font-family: "One Montserrat", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px auto; min-height: 41px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class="Preview_componentWrapper__2i4QI" data-id="1C0B9916-28A7-4997-8109-BDC99B208E18" data-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: default; float: left; margin: 22px 0px 0px; min-height: 19px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class=" Preview_component__SbiKo text-align-null" data-id="1C0B9916-28A7-4997-8109-BDC99B208E18" data-in-template="false" data-kind="Component" data-specific-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; height: inherit; margin: auto; min-height: inherit; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px;"><div class="styles_contentContainer__lrPIa textnormal styles_text__3jGMu" data-mve-font-change="0" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><p class="textnormal " style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">2009年經濟產業省繼續碳足跡的試運行,並將範圍擴大到商品以及服務的碳足跡的計算與標示。</p></div></div></div></div><div class="Preview_row__3Fkye row" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); clear: both; font-family: "One Montserrat", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px auto; min-height: 60px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class="Preview_componentWrapper__2i4QI" data-id="D18002B1-5363-42FA-8405-8949F4E3B94B" data-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: default; float: left; margin: 22px 0px 0px; min-height: 38px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class=" Preview_component__SbiKo text-align-null" data-id="D18002B1-5363-42FA-8405-8949F4E3B94B" data-in-template="false" data-kind="Component" data-specific-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; height: inherit; margin: auto; min-height: inherit; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px;"><div class="styles_contentContainer__lrPIa textnormal styles_text__3jGMu" data-mve-font-change="0" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><p class="textnormal " style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">這裡提到的碳足跡,是以產品與服務為對象,必須注意。在日本產品如果翻譯來自英文的話,是「Product」,但在國際上對碳足跡的定義是,所謂的「Product」是「Product=Product+Service」。有形、無形都包含在「Product」的範疇內。只是日本人習慣把產品與服務分開來看,所以在報告上就分開來記載也比較沒有爭議。</p></div></div></div></div><div class="Preview_row__3Fkye row" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); clear: both; font-family: "One Montserrat", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px auto; min-height: 41px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class="Preview_componentWrapper__2i4QI" data-id="F145B6FF-EA50-4F93-80C8-F2A70DCD43D9" data-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: default; float: left; margin: 22px 0px 0px; min-height: 19px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class=" Preview_component__SbiKo text-align-null" data-id="F145B6FF-EA50-4F93-80C8-F2A70DCD43D9" data-in-template="false" data-kind="Component" data-specific-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; height: inherit; margin: auto; min-height: inherit; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px;"><div class="styles_contentContainer__lrPIa textnormal styles_text__3jGMu" data-mve-font-change="0" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><p class="textnormal " style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">產品與服務的生命週期中,各個階段收集排放多少Co2,貼上碳足跡標籤,是經濟產業省試運行事業推動的第一步。</p></div></div></div></div><div class="Preview_row__3Fkye row" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); clear: both; font-family: "One Montserrat", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px auto; min-height: 98px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class="Preview_componentWrapper__2i4QI" data-id="E7B830C0-54D8-4738-8E2E-A2FFE8AAE66B" data-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: default; float: left; margin: 22px 0px 0px; min-height: 76px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class=" Preview_component__SbiKo text-align-null" data-id="E7B830C0-54D8-4738-8E2E-A2FFE8AAE66B" data-in-template="false" data-kind="Component" data-specific-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; height: inherit; margin: auto; min-height: inherit; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px;"><div class="styles_contentContainer__lrPIa textnormal styles_text__3jGMu" data-mve-font-change="0" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><p class="textnormal " style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><span class="textnormal " style="box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; font-family: Roboto; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-shadow: none;">作為產品(Product)的碳足跡試行成果來說,馬鈴薯片、火腿、香腸等商品,以測試販賣的形式,流通於市場上。不久的將來,在超市或許可以看到碳足跡標籤的蹤影。同時在服務(Service)方面,利用ICT(Information and Communication Technology)情報通信技術,作為服務的碳足跡的驗證也正式獲得認可。在日本,可以參考日本政府的網頁(</span><a class="textnormal " href="http://www.cfp-japan.jp/" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: black; direction: ltr; font-family: Roboto; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.17; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-shadow: none;">http://www.cfp-japan.jp/</a><span class="textnormal " style="box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; font-family: Roboto; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-shadow: none;">)Carbon Footprint of Products-產品的Co2「可視化」,網頁也有定期的更新。</span></p></div></div></div></div><div class="Preview_row__3Fkye row" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); clear: both; font-family: "One Montserrat", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px auto; min-height: 41px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class="Preview_componentWrapper__2i4QI" data-id="1CE4FA39-EA19-4A19-9B06-8B27EA634994" data-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: default; float: left; margin: 22px 0px 0px; min-height: 19px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class=" Preview_component__SbiKo text-align-null" data-id="1CE4FA39-EA19-4A19-9B06-8B27EA634994" data-in-template="false" data-kind="Component" data-specific-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; height: inherit; margin: auto; min-height: inherit; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px;"><div class="styles_contentContainer__lrPIa textnormal styles_text__3jGMu" data-mve-font-change="0" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><p class="textnormal " style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">日本在「Carbon Footprint 」這個領域,可以到處看到貼有「Carbon Footprint Mark」的產品,應該是這些措施的提前部署的緣故吧!</p></div></div></div></div><div class="Preview_row__3Fkye row" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); clear: both; font-family: "One Montserrat", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px auto; min-height: 60px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class="Preview_componentWrapper__2i4QI" data-id="717A3989-3E4E-4387-862B-6A1069D9E324" data-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: default; float: left; margin: 22px 0px 0px; min-height: 38px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class=" Preview_component__SbiKo text-align-null" data-id="717A3989-3E4E-4387-862B-6A1069D9E324" data-in-template="false" data-kind="Component" data-specific-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; height: inherit; margin: auto; min-height: inherit; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px;"><div class="styles_contentContainer__lrPIa textnormal styles_text__3jGMu" data-mve-font-change="0" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><p class="textnormal " style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">經濟產業省以外,以地方自治體為基礎,在「Carbon Footprint 」的議題上,自發性、充分運用區域性消費型的特性,發展出獨特的降低Co2排放的做法。(http://cfp-forum.org/useful/, 日本Carbon Footprint Print論壇)</p></div></div></div></div>管理其實也可以很easyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07523162515720239456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169650843082242314.post-1713186760174921432023-07-30T15:21:00.005+08:002024-02-23T11:53:34.618+08:00ESG與永續-沒有終點-(GHG Protocal的改訂,還遠遠看不到終點)<div class="Preview_row__3Fkye row" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); clear: both; font-family: "One Montserrat", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px auto; min-height: 28px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class="Preview_componentWrapper__2i4QI" data-id="0F74692F-4CDE-49C9-8CD9-CFE0B2FC3C56" data-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: default; float: left; margin: 9px 0px 0px; min-height: 19px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class=" Preview_component__SbiKo text-align-null" data-id="0F74692F-4CDE-49C9-8CD9-CFE0B2FC3C56" data-in-template="false" data-kind="Component" data-specific-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; height: inherit; margin: auto; min-height: inherit; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px;"><div class="styles_contentContainer__lrPIa textnormal styles_text__3jGMu" data-mve-font-change="0" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><p class="textnormal " style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">2020-8-21</p></div></div></div></div><div class="Preview_row__3Fkye row" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); clear: both; font-family: "One Montserrat", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px auto; min-height: 41px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class="Preview_componentWrapper__2i4QI" data-id="D7534653-CB4E-4FE2-A3AA-0F1502771ADC" data-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: default; float: left; margin: 22px 0px 0px; min-height: 19px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class=" Preview_component__SbiKo text-align-null" data-id="D7534653-CB4E-4FE2-A3AA-0F1502771ADC" data-in-template="false" data-kind="Component" data-specific-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; height: inherit; margin: auto; min-height: inherit; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px;"><div class="styles_contentContainer__lrPIa textnormal styles_text__3jGMu" data-mve-font-change="0" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><p class="textnormal " style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">這是不是氣候變動對策的終點?</p></div></div></div></div><div class="Preview_row__3Fkye row" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); clear: both; font-family: "One Montserrat", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px auto; min-height: 98px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class="Preview_componentWrapper__2i4QI" data-id="3383EC6F-73D0-4204-8AD1-36FA6CCA3FC9" data-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: default; float: left; margin: 22px 0px 0px; min-height: 76px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class=" Preview_component__SbiKo text-align-null" data-id="3383EC6F-73D0-4204-8AD1-36FA6CCA3FC9" data-in-template="false" data-kind="Component" data-specific-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; height: inherit; margin: auto; min-height: inherit; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px;"><div class="styles_contentContainer__lrPIa textnormal styles_text__3jGMu" data-mve-font-change="0" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><p class="textnormal " style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">作為供應商的立場,有些事情也不得不注意。2010年Walmart、IBM等可以作為代表性的企業,宣布加強SCM的Co2管理,以及訂定削減Co2目標,很多企業感到困惑吧!Apple承諾2030年的Co2排放目標,也是一個標竿。(https://www.techbang.com/posts/80117-apple-has-pledged-to-achieve-100-carbon-neutrality-in-its-supply-chain-and-products-by-2030)然而,對大部份的企業來說,既是供應商,同時本身也有供應商的緣故,往後不管國際趨勢潮流如何發展,都會受到影響,必須更加注意。</p></div></div></div></div><div class="Preview_row__3Fkye row" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); clear: both; font-family: "One Montserrat", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px auto; min-height: 79px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class="Preview_componentWrapper__2i4QI" data-id="B0C3E903-15CE-4E14-A57E-D39D5136DD31" data-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: default; float: left; margin: 22px 0px 0px; min-height: 57px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class=" Preview_component__SbiKo text-align-null" data-id="B0C3E903-15CE-4E14-A57E-D39D5136DD31" data-in-template="false" data-kind="Component" data-specific-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; height: inherit; margin: auto; min-height: inherit; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px;"><div class="styles_contentContainer__lrPIa textnormal styles_text__3jGMu" data-mve-font-change="0" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><p class="textnormal " style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">2011發行了「Scope-3」、「Product」兩個標準,接下來作為GHG Protocol 本尊的「Corporate Standard」也跟著改版。GHG Protocol的Corporate Standard有很大的一部份是跨國境的智慧電網以及再生能源比率增加、包括家庭在內的區域型電網的小型發電,儲存電力技術的提升,從以前的「Scope-2」(間接從外部電廠購置電力的Co2排放),展開新的一頁。</p></div></div></div></div><div class="Preview_row__3Fkye row" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); clear: both; font-family: "One Montserrat", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px auto; min-height: 60px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class="Preview_componentWrapper__2i4QI" data-id="5DF18469-E12C-4624-A48A-416F70A9A100" data-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: default; float: left; margin: 22px 0px 0px; min-height: 38px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class=" Preview_component__SbiKo text-align-null" data-id="5DF18469-E12C-4624-A48A-416F70A9A100" data-in-template="false" data-kind="Component" data-specific-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; height: inherit; margin: auto; min-height: inherit; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px;"><div class="styles_contentContainer__lrPIa textnormal styles_text__3jGMu" data-mve-font-change="0" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><p class="textnormal " style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">Corporate standard本來並不是直接計算的對象,Biomass以及碳中和、Carbon offset等等的處理上,加上CCS(二氧化碳回收、貯存)等新技術及再生能源的發展動向而受到注目。</p></div></div></div></div><div class="Preview_row__3Fkye row" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); clear: both; font-family: "One Montserrat", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px auto; min-height: 60px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class="Preview_componentWrapper__2i4QI" data-id="163C1EBE-41D9-4FC3-BC55-49AE28562279" data-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: default; float: left; margin: 22px 0px 0px; min-height: 38px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class=" Preview_component__SbiKo text-align-null" data-id="163C1EBE-41D9-4FC3-BC55-49AE28562279" data-in-template="false" data-kind="Component" data-specific-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; height: inherit; margin: auto; min-height: inherit; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px;"><div class="styles_contentContainer__lrPIa textnormal styles_text__3jGMu" data-mve-font-change="0" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><p class="textnormal " style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">感覺到,這些國際標準幾乎沒有終點地被繼續發展,企業要一對一的立即對應,可能有其困難。再說,GHG Protocol以CDP為出發點,參照標準,進行了很多的企業調查方案,已成為一個影響力極大的國際標準。未來具體上如何對應會比較恰當,現實推進方法的思考,可能也必須做些調整。</p></div></div></div></div><div class="Preview_row__3Fkye row" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); clear: both; font-family: "One Montserrat", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px auto; min-height: 41px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class="Preview_componentWrapper__2i4QI" data-id="41B7F63A-DB57-4C17-A4B1-5D3BA8BBDC47" data-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: default; float: left; margin: 22px 0px 0px; min-height: 19px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class=" Preview_component__SbiKo text-align-null" data-id="41B7F63A-DB57-4C17-A4B1-5D3BA8BBDC47" data-in-template="false" data-kind="Component" data-specific-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; height: inherit; margin: auto; min-height: inherit; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px;"><div class="styles_contentContainer__lrPIa textnormal styles_text__3jGMu" data-mve-font-change="0" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><p class="textnormal " style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">作為這些標準的發源地的歐美,投資家的觀點在企業的「環境、CSR、公司治理」為焦點的「責任投資」的意識,比起日本要高出很多,這也是另一個背景因素。</p></div></div></div></div><div class="Preview_row__3Fkye row" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); clear: both; font-family: "One Montserrat", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px auto; min-height: 60px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class="Preview_componentWrapper__2i4QI" data-id="329C29A7-1801-46F4-B9A4-E40776DD2540" data-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: default; float: left; margin: 22px 0px 0px; min-height: 38px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class=" Preview_component__SbiKo text-align-null" data-id="329C29A7-1801-46F4-B9A4-E40776DD2540" data-in-template="false" data-kind="Component" data-specific-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; height: inherit; margin: auto; min-height: inherit; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px;"><div class="styles_contentContainer__lrPIa textnormal styles_text__3jGMu" data-mve-font-change="0" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><p class="textnormal " style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">與供應商站在同一個位置,SCM的新規範的出現,顯然不是終點,GHG Protocol是世界上,在GHG的計算、報告、與驗證上最具影響力的標準,威力非常之大,可以預想越來影響範圍將會更廣。</p></div></div></div></div>管理其實也可以很easyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07523162515720239456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169650843082242314.post-67180843348397578022023-07-30T15:16:00.006+08:002024-02-23T11:53:58.646+08:00ESG與永續-SCM的Co2管理-沒有國境<div class="Preview_row__3Fkye row" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); clear: both; font-family: "One Montserrat", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px auto; min-height: 28px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class="Preview_componentWrapper__2i4QI" data-id="09AB56FA-CB07-4F08-9598-E522979312FC" data-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: default; float: left; margin: 9px 0px 0px; min-height: 19px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class=" Preview_component__SbiKo text-align-null" data-id="09AB56FA-CB07-4F08-9598-E522979312FC" data-in-template="false" data-kind="Component" data-specific-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; height: inherit; margin: auto; min-height: inherit; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px;"><div class="styles_contentContainer__lrPIa textnormal styles_text__3jGMu" data-mve-font-change="0" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><p class="textnormal " style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">2020-8-10</p></div></div></div></div><div class="Preview_row__3Fkye row" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); clear: both; font-family: "One Montserrat", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px auto; min-height: 60px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class="Preview_componentWrapper__2i4QI" data-id="2C772504-CF9B-45EF-81C2-D7D981784452" data-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: default; float: left; margin: 22px 0px 0px; min-height: 38px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class=" Preview_component__SbiKo text-align-null" data-id="2C772504-CF9B-45EF-81C2-D7D981784452" data-in-template="false" data-kind="Component" data-specific-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; height: inherit; margin: auto; min-height: inherit; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px;"><div class="styles_contentContainer__lrPIa textnormal styles_text__3jGMu" data-mve-font-change="0" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><p class="textnormal " style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">GHG Protocol 「Scope-3」、「Product」兩種供應鏈溫室氣體排放計算標準的開發背景,是受到最近以來,企業或是事業部層次在GHG管理上的大躍進所影響。例如:以2000年前後的狀況來說,無論在「Scope-3」、「Product」等等,SCM的Co2管理以及報告義務等等議題,根本還不排不到討論的對象。</p></div></div></div></div><div class="Preview_row__3Fkye row" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); clear: both; font-family: "One Montserrat", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px auto; min-height: 60px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class="Preview_componentWrapper__2i4QI" data-id="E7E7C3A3-EA9C-418A-9B01-1978A6B8114A" data-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: default; float: left; margin: 22px 0px 0px; min-height: 38px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class=" Preview_component__SbiKo text-align-null" data-id="E7E7C3A3-EA9C-418A-9B01-1978A6B8114A" data-in-template="false" data-kind="Component" data-specific-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; height: inherit; margin: auto; min-height: inherit; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px;"><div class="styles_contentContainer__lrPIa textnormal styles_text__3jGMu" data-mve-font-change="0" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><p class="textnormal " style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">但就單純因為GHG管理,積累的K/H的因素也不盡然,企業SCM的普及,LCA學術面的發展,以及ISO家族(ISO-14040、ISO-14044)等標準的確立,都產生極大的影響。</p></div></div></div></div><div class="Preview_row__3Fkye row" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); clear: both; font-family: "One Montserrat", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px auto; min-height: 60px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class="Preview_componentWrapper__2i4QI" data-id="3AC7EBB4-5F13-4B79-99B2-BD12398273C8" data-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: default; float: left; margin: 22px 0px 0px; min-height: 38px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class=" Preview_component__SbiKo text-align-null" data-id="3AC7EBB4-5F13-4B79-99B2-BD12398273C8" data-in-template="false" data-kind="Component" data-specific-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; height: inherit; margin: auto; min-height: inherit; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px;"><div class="styles_contentContainer__lrPIa textnormal styles_text__3jGMu" data-mve-font-change="0" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><p class="textnormal " style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">還有,企業透過環境保護設計(ECO Design、EF Design),追求產品生命週期整體的環境效率提升,設計、生產、管理的活動的擴大,廢棄物處理、Recycle實現的技術面、運用面的發展等等,將供應鏈以及LCA的觀念加入到環境管理的組織設計,企業端的努力也是原因之一。</p></div></div></div></div><div class="Preview_row__3Fkye row" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); clear: both; font-family: "One Montserrat", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px auto; min-height: 41px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class="Preview_componentWrapper__2i4QI" data-id="70E05C8A-14BC-4AC0-A410-077AD68A9BA8" data-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: default; float: left; margin: 22px 0px 0px; min-height: 19px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class=" Preview_component__SbiKo text-align-null" data-id="70E05C8A-14BC-4AC0-A410-077AD68A9BA8" data-in-template="false" data-kind="Component" data-specific-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; height: inherit; margin: auto; min-height: inherit; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px;"><div class="styles_contentContainer__lrPIa textnormal styles_text__3jGMu" data-mve-font-change="0" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><p class="textnormal " style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">實現更高的效率的物流系統,運輸單位或是運輸設備廠商的省能源的努力,不能夠忘記。</p></div></div></div></div><div class="Preview_row__3Fkye row" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); clear: both; font-family: "One Montserrat", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px auto; min-height: 60px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class="Preview_componentWrapper__2i4QI" data-id="831F4E21-F74A-433D-A6D9-03993EB29710" data-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: default; float: left; margin: 22px 0px 0px; min-height: 38px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class=" Preview_component__SbiKo text-align-null" data-id="831F4E21-F74A-433D-A6D9-03993EB29710" data-in-template="false" data-kind="Component" data-specific-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; height: inherit; margin: auto; min-height: inherit; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px;"><div class="styles_contentContainer__lrPIa textnormal styles_text__3jGMu" data-mve-font-change="0" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><p class="textnormal " style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">SCM有各式各樣的企業或是事業體,與消費者息息相關的緣故,單單靠一家企業努力收集Co2排放數據,有其難度,如果沒有SCM上的所有廠家,共同努力來降低Co2的排放,要達到目標,緣木求魚。</p></div></div></div></div><div class="Preview_row__3Fkye row" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); clear: both; font-family: "One Montserrat", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px auto; min-height: 60px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class="Preview_componentWrapper__2i4QI" data-id="24C9F727-5335-4DEE-BFB6-C057CEF79C43" data-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: default; float: left; margin: 22px 0px 0px; min-height: 38px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class=" Preview_component__SbiKo text-align-null" data-id="24C9F727-5335-4DEE-BFB6-C057CEF79C43" data-in-template="false" data-kind="Component" data-specific-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; height: inherit; margin: auto; min-height: inherit; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px;"><div class="styles_contentContainer__lrPIa textnormal styles_text__3jGMu" data-mve-font-change="0" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><p class="textnormal " style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">SCM整體來看,動不動就跨了國境的關係,資源、素材、部品、產品等等,很多都必須仰賴進口的日本企業來說,強化快速成長新興國家的製造據點以及供應商層次的Co2管理,還有開發中國家適當的氣候變遷對策的實施等等,還有許多的課題慢慢浮現。</p></div></div></div></div>管理其實也可以很easyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07523162515720239456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169650843082242314.post-11077514394659535002023-07-30T15:14:00.002+08:002024-02-23T11:54:13.275+08:00ESG與永續-GHG與Scope-3-(從京都議定書一路走來...)<div class="Preview_row__3Fkye row" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); clear: both; font-family: "One Montserrat", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px auto; min-height: 28px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class="Preview_componentWrapper__2i4QI" data-id="91227311-D085-4F07-B0EB-C631F2846CB2" data-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: default; float: left; margin: 9px 0px 0px; min-height: 19px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class=" Preview_component__SbiKo text-align-null" data-id="91227311-D085-4F07-B0EB-C631F2846CB2" data-in-template="false" data-kind="Component" data-specific-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; height: inherit; margin: auto; min-height: inherit; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px;"><div class="styles_contentContainer__lrPIa textnormal styles_text__3jGMu" data-mve-font-change="0" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><p class="textnormal " style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">2020-8-3</p></div></div></div></div><div class="Preview_row__3Fkye row" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); clear: both; font-family: "One Montserrat", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px auto; min-height: 60px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class="Preview_componentWrapper__2i4QI" data-id="5410718A-B3F9-43C2-9CC7-82F34D48384B" data-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: default; float: left; margin: 22px 0px 0px; min-height: 38px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class=" Preview_component__SbiKo text-align-null" data-id="5410718A-B3F9-43C2-9CC7-82F34D48384B" data-in-template="false" data-kind="Component" data-specific-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; height: inherit; margin: auto; min-height: inherit; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px;"><div class="styles_contentContainer__lrPIa textnormal styles_text__3jGMu" data-mve-font-change="0" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><p class="textnormal " style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">溫室效應氣體排放的計算、報告,並不是只有GHG Protocol,ISO家族的ISO-14064(組織/專案的溫室效應的計算、報告、驗證基準)、聯合國要求主要開發中國家削減Co2專案的CDM(Clean Development Mechanisms),也都是類似GHG Protocol機制。</p></div></div></div></div><div class="Preview_row__3Fkye row" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); clear: both; font-family: "One Montserrat", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px auto; min-height: 60px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class="Preview_componentWrapper__2i4QI" data-id="44E96BD5-813A-4890-871E-82007C9AC656" data-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: default; float: left; margin: 22px 0px 0px; min-height: 38px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class=" Preview_component__SbiKo text-align-null" data-id="44E96BD5-813A-4890-871E-82007C9AC656" data-in-template="false" data-kind="Component" data-specific-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; height: inherit; margin: auto; min-height: inherit; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px;"><div class="styles_contentContainer__lrPIa textnormal styles_text__3jGMu" data-mve-font-change="0" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><p class="textnormal " style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">最近各式各樣的國際標準的相繼發佈,情況有點混亂。也託了這個現象的福,相關單位正積極摸索如何和諧發展,統一標準。各國際單位,派遣人員互相合作,密切的進行情報交換,希望能夠朝著標準的一致化前進,也有很好的進展。這樣的結果,對於企業在無論在計算、報告格式、驗證等等方面,能夠統一格式的話,自然輕鬆許多。</p></div></div></div></div><div class="Preview_row__3Fkye row" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); clear: both; font-family: "One Montserrat", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px auto; min-height: 60px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class="Preview_componentWrapper__2i4QI" data-id="9DBB39D7-D767-4C23-AF8A-48EC446E140E" data-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: default; float: left; margin: 22px 0px 0px; min-height: 38px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class=" Preview_component__SbiKo text-align-null" data-id="9DBB39D7-D767-4C23-AF8A-48EC446E140E" data-in-template="false" data-kind="Component" data-specific-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; height: inherit; margin: auto; min-height: inherit; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px;"><div class="styles_contentContainer__lrPIa textnormal styles_text__3jGMu" data-mve-font-change="0" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><p class="textnormal " style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">目前在SCM Co2管理上GHG Protocol Scope-3 Standard屬於最先進的標準的緣故,企業先了解Scope-3 Standard的基本思考模式,建立企業內部的SCM Co2對應體制,應該是最好的方法。</p></div></div></div></div><div class="Preview_row__3Fkye row" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); clear: both; font-family: "One Montserrat", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px auto; min-height: 41px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class="Preview_componentWrapper__2i4QI" data-id="38EB5FEF-682B-4B16-8D48-37F6AA172539" data-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: default; float: left; margin: 22px 0px 0px; min-height: 19px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class=" Preview_component__SbiKo text-align-null" data-id="38EB5FEF-682B-4B16-8D48-37F6AA172539" data-in-template="false" data-kind="Component" data-specific-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; height: inherit; margin: auto; min-height: inherit; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px;"><div class="styles_contentContainer__lrPIa textnormal styles_text__3jGMu" data-mve-font-change="0" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><p class="textnormal " style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">企業Co2管理的進化</p></div></div></div></div><div class="Preview_row__3Fkye row" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); clear: both; font-family: "One Montserrat", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px auto; min-height: 60px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class="Preview_componentWrapper__2i4QI" data-id="3B6C0DEE-E40D-4339-BC90-137273550E10" data-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: default; float: left; margin: 22px 0px 0px; min-height: 38px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class=" Preview_component__SbiKo text-align-null" data-id="3B6C0DEE-E40D-4339-BC90-137273550E10" data-in-template="false" data-kind="Component" data-specific-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; height: inherit; margin: auto; min-height: inherit; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px;"><div class="styles_contentContainer__lrPIa textnormal styles_text__3jGMu" data-mve-font-change="0" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><p class="textnormal " style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">最近利益關係人對於氣候變遷、資訊揭露的關心度,年年的增高。已不再侷限於自己公司,涵蓋集團連結以及SCM的GHG排放量的計算,與資訊揭露要求的對應,特別是國際化企業,在事業活動中,慢慢成為經營管理的重要課題。</p></div></div></div></div><div class="Preview_row__3Fkye row" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); clear: both; font-family: "One Montserrat", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px auto; min-height: 79px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class="Preview_componentWrapper__2i4QI" data-id="A7977794-20AE-412B-A877-9E652341453E" data-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: default; float: left; margin: 22px 0px 0px; min-height: 57px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class=" Preview_component__SbiKo text-align-null" data-id="A7977794-20AE-412B-A877-9E652341453E" data-in-template="false" data-kind="Component" data-specific-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; height: inherit; margin: auto; min-height: inherit; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px;"><div class="styles_contentContainer__lrPIa textnormal styles_text__3jGMu" data-mve-font-change="0" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><p class="textnormal " style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">GHG Protocol Corporate Standard自從2004年改版,已經過16年了,這中間2005年京都議定書啟動第一階段(2008~2012),還有同年EU-ETS(EU氣體排放交易制度)的創立。日本基於溫暖對應法的計算、報告等制度公佈是2006年,以及東京都依據環境保護條例所設定的總量削減義務與排放量的交易制度從2010年開始。2005年京都議定書簽署前後,以先進國家為中心,很多國家為了溫室效應對策,紛紛導入管理制度。結果就是各國的溫室效應排量削減,以及節省能源的各種方策,急速增加。</p></div></div></div></div><div class="Preview_row__3Fkye row" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); clear: both; font-family: "One Montserrat", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px auto; min-height: 60px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class="Preview_componentWrapper__2i4QI" data-id="A5BF8952-F692-4891-9782-0F7D1EF1D8EF" data-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: default; float: left; margin: 22px 0px 0px; min-height: 38px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class=" Preview_component__SbiKo text-align-null" data-id="A5BF8952-F692-4891-9782-0F7D1EF1D8EF" data-in-template="false" data-kind="Component" data-specific-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; height: inherit; margin: auto; min-height: inherit; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px;"><div class="styles_contentContainer__lrPIa textnormal styles_text__3jGMu" data-mve-font-change="0" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><p class="textnormal " style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">日本基於京都議定書條例規定,總量排放削減與交易制度率先發佈。同樣美國(涵蓋北美)州與區域水準的溫室效應的規則與制度,與排放量的交易也跟著先行導入。美國2010年開始,美國環境保護省(EPA)針對大規模氣體排放事業單位導入義務報告制度。</p></div></div></div></div><div class="Preview_row__3Fkye row" style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); clear: both; font-family: "One Montserrat", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px auto; min-height: 79px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class="Preview_componentWrapper__2i4QI" data-id="242CC943-0E2F-4BFA-8636-8770CDEFC8AC" data-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: default; float: left; margin: 22px 0px 0px; min-height: 57px; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 635px;"><div class=" Preview_component__SbiKo text-align-null" data-id="242CC943-0E2F-4BFA-8636-8770CDEFC8AC" data-in-template="false" data-kind="Component" data-specific-kind="TEXT" style="box-sizing: inherit; height: inherit; margin: auto; min-height: inherit; overflow-wrap: inherit; padding: 0px;"><div class="styles_contentContainer__lrPIa textnormal styles_text__3jGMu" data-mve-font-change="0" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><p class="textnormal " style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.17; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">世事難料,川普一上台,就全面推翻京都議定書的決議,讓全球溫室氣體管制的進程,一下子倒退了好幾步。未來的發展會如何變化,誰也說不準,政治的因素成了最大變數。然,歐盟本著地球只有一個的想法,還是堅持繼續向前,不遺餘力的推動,希望這樣的理念可以得到支持。2020年的世界巨變,天災、人禍、政治事件、戰爭...,全世界都受到莫大的影響,連狂人川普也不得不收斂許多,問題是這樣就會回歸正途嗎?看來要努力的地方還很多,這條路是停不下來的。</p></div></div></div></div>管理其實也可以很easyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07523162515720239456noreply@blogger.com0